Influence of toxic chemicals on the chemotactic response of fish macrophages

Weeks, B. A.; Warinner, J. Ernest; Mason, Patrice L.; McGinnis, D. S.

doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1986.tb05200.x

Cited by 90 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Various adverse conditions associated with extended tissue breakdown and haemolysis cause enlargement of melano-macrophage centres in eel and other species (Agius 1979, Agius & Roberts 1981, Wolke et al 1985, Herraez & Zapata 1986, whereas exposure of plaice Pleuronectes platessa to potassium dichromate results in fragmentation of splenic melano-macrophage centres along with increased numbers of melano-macrophages in splenic blood vessels (Kranz & Gercken 1987). These authors conclude a decreased ability of melano-macrophages to accumulate, possibly due to a toxicant-induced reduction of chemotactic activity (Weeks et al 1986). Similar processes may have been active in intoxicated Rhine eel.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Cytopathology of spleen in eel Anguilla Anguilla exposed to a chemical spill in the Rhine River

Spazier¹,

Storch²,

Braunbeck³

1992

Dis. Aquat. Org.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Structural alterations in the spleen of eel Anguilla anguilla L., following exposure to a chemical spill in the Rhine h v e r in 1986, were investigated by means of light and electron microscopy. Relative abundance of reticulum and blood cells was quantified in comparison to controls. The data presented provide evidence of profound damage to the spleen and its cellular components. Histological and cytological modifications varied within a wide range from minor changes to cell death. Major cytological alterations of reticulum and blood cells included deviations in cytoplasmic density, loss of surface differentiations (cell junctions, pseudopodia), swelling of rnitochondria, formation of rnyelin-like membrane aggregations in the cytoplasm, mitochondria, lysosomes and nuclear membrane, as well as augmentation of lipid droplets. Severely damaged and necrotic cells were found either diffusely or focally distributed within the splenic reticulum. Melano-macrophages were strongly reduced in number and melano-macrophage centres were lacking. In contrast, considerable numbers of macrophages with intense lysosomal compartmentation, but free of pigments, were present. Spleens were further characterized by the absence of erythroblasts and plasma cells. Histological and cytological findings in the spleen of exposed eel indicate a severe impairment of the efficiency of the central splenic functions, in particular phagocytosis and cell-mediated immune response. Thus, chemical-induced patholopcal processes in the spleen have most likely been a contributing factor to the fatality of the chemical spill to the Rhine eel population. They are discussed in the context of earlier investigations on liver and intestine pathology of Rhine eel. Finally, cytological alterations of fish spleen are suggested as a potential biomarker for toxicant-induced damage in fish.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Cytopathology of spleen in eel Anguilla Anguilla exposed to a chemical spill in the Rhine River

Spazier¹,

Storch²,

Braunbeck³

1992

Dis. Aquat. Org.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…4,7) Unfortunately, it is very hard to catch resident fish in highly polluted rivers, and thus it is almost impossible to determine the biological crisis in these rivers. These critical difficulties of previous monitoring systems could be solved by the application of casein induced SD rat macrophages, or at least, this study suggested a solution for the difficulties in environmental studies from both a scientific and economical point of view.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an in vitro Environmental Monitoring System by Using Immune Cells.

Shim

Jung

Chung

et al. 2002

JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Phagocytic abilities between casein-induced Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat macrophage and kidney macrophage of fish were compared. First of all, latex bead phagocytosis abilities of macrophages from rat and fish by the same water sample were compared. In vitro exposure of the water samples to the induced SD rat macrophages for 4 hr at concentrations ranging from 10 × to 80 × of the water sample reduced the latex bead phagocytosis of the macrophages with concentration dependency. This result was similar with that of the head kidney macrophages from Cyprinus carpio and Carassius auratus. The most important advantage of using rat macrophage is its availability, because it is very hard to catch resident fishes in highly polluted rivers, and it is almost impossible to determine the extent of biological crisis in the river. These critical difficulties of previous monitoring systems could be solved by the application of casein-induced SD rat macrophages. With the above result, rat macrophage was used to investigate the acute toxicity of polluted water samples and compare pollution levels of the Kumho, Kum and Mankyung Rivers and Miho Creek in the southern part of Korea. Finally, it was confirmed that the in vitro monitoring system for exposure of SD rat macrophage to polluted water samples was available for environmental monitoring purposes.

show abstract

“…The chemotactic activity of macrophages isolated from the kidneys of 2 fish species in Elisabeth River (Chesapeake Bay, Virginia, USA) had decreased compared with controls from the unpolluted York River, suggesting a connection with exposure. Activity returned to normal after the fish were kept in clean water for 3 wk (Weeks et al 1986). Valtonen & Koskivaara (1989) found significant differences among the present lakes in their parasite fauna and parasite abundances, e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Probably a large number of fish from different environmental circumstances would be needed to resolve the question of whether or not they exist in the heart of other fish species. Since macrophages have the ability to migrate towards a stimulus (Weeks et al 1986), it can be assumed that a fish heart infected by parasites will be more likely to possess macrophage centres than one without them. It has recently been suggested that macrophage centres are a common feature in the hearts of digenean-infected, and possibly all, serranids (Overstreet & Thulin 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heart inflammation in perch Perca fluviatilis and roach Rutilus rutilus from central Finland

Haaparanta¹,

Valtonen²,

Hoffmann³

1993

Dis. Aquat. Org.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Local inflammation of the heart was found in about 20 %of both perch Perca fluviatilis and roach Rutilus rutilus from 4 lakes in central Finland during [1989][1990]. The lakes differ in their trophic state and pollution level. Epicarditis was found more often than myocarditis (22 % i n perch and 18.4 % in roach vs 16.1 and 5.4 %, respectively). Most cases of epicarditis found in perch were chronic (86 %), but only a minority of those in roach were so (24 "h), the others being acute, subacute or subchronic. Myocarditis was nearly always chronic in both species No relationship was found between the stage or degree of inflammation in the fish and the pollution level in the lake, and all stages of inflammation were found at all seasons with no significant seasonal trend in their prevalence, nor was any relationship found between the prevalence of inflammation and the size of the fish in any ol the lakes.h4yocarditis and epicarditis occurred independently of each other In roach, but their joint occurrence in individual fish differed significantly from the random in perch, showi.ng a positive correlation. Macrophage centres were found in 16 % of the epicardlum specimens and 24 % of the myocardium specimens from perch and in 8.7 and 7.8 %from roach, respect~vely, as well as in the bulbus arteriosus and atrium of both species. No causative agent, such a s parasites or bacteria, was ever seen to be associated with either the inflammation or the macrophage centres. The reason for the inflammation is discussed.

show abstract

Influence of toxic chemicals on the chemotactic response of fish macrophages

Cited by 90 publications

References 9 publications

Cytopathology of spleen in eel Anguilla Anguilla exposed to a chemical spill in the Rhine River

Cytopathology of spleen in eel Anguilla Anguilla exposed to a chemical spill in the Rhine River

Development of an in vitro Environmental Monitoring System by Using Immune Cells.

Heart inflammation in perch Perca fluviatilis and roach Rutilus rutilus from central Finland

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About