Influence of Time Management in Modeling of Curve Resistance to the Penetration of a Latosol Under Different Uses and Management of Pastures and Native Woodland
Abstract:The soil resistance to penetration study helps in understanding the state of soil compaction, indicating how best to manage it. The present study aimed to verify the influence of time management in modeling curves of resistance to penetration in Oxisol under different uses and management of pastures and woodland in field conditions, using the stepwise procedure. The study was conducted in the Cerrado region. Five (5) systems of uses and management of pastures and native woodland were evaluated: ILPF: crop-live… Show more
“…The critical density values found for sandy soils under agricultural use are cited and range from 1.6 to 1.8 [19], well above that found in this study. This lower soil density in the upper layer (0-5 cm) was found in studies in natural forests [19,30,31]. This general pattern of natural or anthropic soils is caused by the greater intake of organic matter in the most superficial layer of the forest soil.…”
Section: Tablesupporting
confidence: 61%
“…The lowest soil density in areas occupied by native forests has already been found in different Brazilian Biomes [15,17,19,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. In the same watershed, Flores et al [32] found in Argissolo Vermelho, that the density of native forest and native field soil was lower than in the cultivation areas, with greater differences in the layer of higher organic matter intake (0 a 0.05 m).…”
The conservation of native forests is fundamental to the preservation of hydric resources in the landscape. The use of animals in forest fragments has resulted in degradations in the soil, resulting in the grating of these. Thus, soil classes were studied and physical parameters of forest soils were evaluated in areas without and with cattle grazing in the “Arroio Pelotas” watershed, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, extreme south of Brazil. The results were submitted to statistical analysis with the Kruskal–Wallis nonparametric test with a significance level of 5%. The means of the physical parameters of soil in the same toposequence and layers with and without the presence of livestock were compared. By analyzing soil physical attributes (density, macroporosity, and microporosity) it can be seen that the structural quality of the soil is affected by the access of animals inside the forest fragments, especially in the upper layer of the soil (0–5 cm deep). In forest fragments without access to animals, the physical structure of the soil presented the best conditions of macroporosity and, consequently, greater protection of nutrients, microorganisms, and water resources. Therefore, it is concluded that conservation by the isolation of protective forests in rural property planning benefits the quality of forest soils.
“…The critical density values found for sandy soils under agricultural use are cited and range from 1.6 to 1.8 [19], well above that found in this study. This lower soil density in the upper layer (0-5 cm) was found in studies in natural forests [19,30,31]. This general pattern of natural or anthropic soils is caused by the greater intake of organic matter in the most superficial layer of the forest soil.…”
Section: Tablesupporting
confidence: 61%
“…The lowest soil density in areas occupied by native forests has already been found in different Brazilian Biomes [15,17,19,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. In the same watershed, Flores et al [32] found in Argissolo Vermelho, that the density of native forest and native field soil was lower than in the cultivation areas, with greater differences in the layer of higher organic matter intake (0 a 0.05 m).…”
The conservation of native forests is fundamental to the preservation of hydric resources in the landscape. The use of animals in forest fragments has resulted in degradations in the soil, resulting in the grating of these. Thus, soil classes were studied and physical parameters of forest soils were evaluated in areas without and with cattle grazing in the “Arroio Pelotas” watershed, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, extreme south of Brazil. The results were submitted to statistical analysis with the Kruskal–Wallis nonparametric test with a significance level of 5%. The means of the physical parameters of soil in the same toposequence and layers with and without the presence of livestock were compared. By analyzing soil physical attributes (density, macroporosity, and microporosity) it can be seen that the structural quality of the soil is affected by the access of animals inside the forest fragments, especially in the upper layer of the soil (0–5 cm deep). In forest fragments without access to animals, the physical structure of the soil presented the best conditions of macroporosity and, consequently, greater protection of nutrients, microorganisms, and water resources. Therefore, it is concluded that conservation by the isolation of protective forests in rural property planning benefits the quality of forest soils.
“…Most researches have focused on studying a particular integrated system, with only eight out of the 92 papers studying two systems (no paper studied more than two integrated systems). These include studies about both integrated crop–livestock and integrated crop–livestock–forest systems (Bieluczyk et al., 2020; Fernandes et al., 2016; Guardiola et al., 2017; Nascimento et al., 2019; Sousa Neto et al., 2014) and integrated crop–livestock and integrated livestock‐forest systems (Damian et al., 2020; Hilimire et al., 2013; Silva et al., 2019).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Fernandes et al. (2016) found that the integrated systems (crop–livestock and crop–livestock–forest) promoted better soil physical quality by assessing soil bulk density, resistance to penetration, total porosity and soil organic matter down to 40 cm during one year in a Ferralsol.…”
Integrated crop–livestock–forest is a promising strategy to improve soil quality. It comprises four different integrated farming systems: crop–livestock, crop–forest, forest–livestock and crop–livestock–forest. This work systematically reviewed studies about integrated crop–livestock–forest systems and soil quality. A total of 92 papers were retrieved from the Web of Science—Clarivate Analytics platform, and the following information was analysed: publication year, institution, region of the studied site, type of integrated system, soil type, tillage system, maximum soil depth and the soil quality indicators assessed. Most studies were published in the second half of the 2010s. Brazil is a prominent focus of research about soil quality and integrated crop–livestock–forest systems, with significant contribution from its central and southern regions. The Embrapa was the main publishing institution, present in over one‐third of the studies. Crop–livestock was the most common integrated system, Ferralsols was the most common soil group, and most of the studied soils were clayey. No tillage was the main tillage system. Most studies focused on the topsoil, assessing physical and/or chemical soil quality indicators. More emphasis on biological indicators of soil quality is required, as well as assessments integrating biological, physical and chemical indicators of soil quality. Future works should compare different integrated systems, including assessments deeper in the soil profile, especially in systems with the forest component, and also in sandy and silty soils. Soil quality indicators that have been rarely used should be further tested. Novel indicators should be added to better understand the promotion of soil quality by integrated crop–livestock–forest systems.
“…The effects of integrated agricultural systems have often been compared to preserved areas, and the BD is sensitive to changes in the soil physical characteristics because this attribute is considered a good indicator of soil quality. BD is directly associated with other important soil attributes, including penetration resistance, macroporosity, and water infiltration (Cunha et al, 2011;Panachuki et al, 2011;Fernandes et al, 2016). Although the iCLF, EF, and PF used mechanized systems, BD did not change in these areas.…”
Integrated crop-livestock-forest (iCLF) systems have gained prominence in the past decades as an alternative of sustainable land use, particularly in regions in which there is pressure against agricultural expansion in protected ecosystems such as the Brazilian Amazon. In this context, the objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of one year of use of the iCLF system in the Cerrado/Amazon transition region to determine its impact on soil quality compared to other traditional land uses in the region (planted forest, crop, forage, and native forest). The results indicated that the iCLF system did not jeopardize the soil physical quality, and only the crop land use affected the soil physical attributes. The land uses with the lowest impact on the physical condition of the soil were the iCLF system and the planted forest.
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