RESUMO -Realizou-se um experimento com o propósito de avaliar o efeito de diferentes sistemas de manejo aplicados na entrelinha da seringueira (Hevea brasiliensis), na estabilidade de agregados em água de um Latossolo Vermelho, textura argilosa do Município de Jaboticabal, SP, e um Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo, textura areia/ média do Município de Tabapuã, SP, cujos tratamentos consistiram em: roçadeira, adubo-verde perene (Pueraria phaseoloides) e gradagem. As amostras de solo foram retiradas após sete anos de aplicação desses manejos nas camadas de 0-0,1; 0,1-0,2; 0,2-0,3; e 0,3-,4 m. A estabilidade de agregados foi obtida em peneira com classes de tamanhos de 8-4; 4-2; 2-1; 1-0,5; 0,5-0,125; e <0,125 mm. A Pueraria phaseoloides propiciou diferença significativa em relação aos demais sistemas de manejo na camada superficial (10 cm), quanto à distribuição de agregados, apresentando maior distribuição de agregados maiores no Latossolo Vermelho. O manejo com a grade dessa mesma camada, em ambos os solos, apresentou valores superiores de agregados de tamanho pequeno. A matéria orgânica dos solos apresentou relação direta e significativa com a estabilidade dos agregados maiores e relação inversa e significativa com a estabilidade de agregados menores.Palavras-chave: Estabilidade de agregados; Manejo; Seringueira. CHANGES IN THE AGGREGATE STABILITY OF LATOSOL AND PODZOLIC ACCORDING TO THE MANAGEMENT BETWEEN THE ROWS OF RUBBER TREES (Hevea brasiliensis) ABSTRACT -A trial was carried out with the purpose of evaluating the effect of different management systems applied between the rows of rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) on the aggregate stability in water of Dark Red Latosol, with clayey texture from the Municipality of Jaboticabal (SP) and Yellow Red Podzolic, sandy/ medium texture fromthe Municipality of Tabapuã (SP). The treatments consisted of disk harrowing, Pueraria phaseoloides and mowing.The soil samples were withdrawn after seven years of application of these management systems from depths of 0-0.1, 0.1-0.2, 0.2-0.3, and 0.3-0.4 m. The stability of the aggregates was obtained in sieves with size classes of 8-4, 4-2, 2-1, 1-0.5, 0.5-0.125, and <0.125

The soil resistance to penetration study helps in understanding the state of soil compaction, indicating how best to manage it. The present study aimed to verify the influence of time management in modeling curves of resistance to penetration in Oxisol under different uses and management of pastures and woodland in field conditions, using the stepwise procedure. The study was conducted in the Cerrado region. Five (5) systems of uses and management of pastures and native woodland were evaluated: ILPF: crop-livestock-forest integration; ILP: crop-livestock integration; P: Area in the extensive grazing system; MN: native woodland; PIQ: rotated picket. The experiments were assessed for the years 2012/13 and 2013/14. To obtain the models, an analysis with four independent variables was performed: Gravimetric moisture (X1), bulk density (X2), total porosity (X3) and organic matter (X4) and the dependent variable, soil resistance to penetration (Y). The multiple regression analysis by STEPWISE with F of 0.15 was used. The equation that best estimated the resistance to penetration was RP = 14.68 to 0.26 for Native Woodland in layers from 0.20 - 0.40 m with R2 indices of 0.97 in year 1. For year 2, the equation that estimated the resistance to penetration was obtained in the PIQ treatment, PR = - 15.94 - 0.29 PT + 15.87 DS + 0.05 MO. with R2 of 0.94.

A B S T R A C TCrambe has been studied as an option in crop rotation systems in order to provide raw material for biodiesel production. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of raising soil base saturation and addition of phosphorus (P) on the vegetative development, grain yield and oil content of crambe. The experiment was carried out in a Oxisol, arranged in factorial scheme (4 x 3), with 4 replicates (48 plots), in completely randomized blocks. Four base saturation levels (34 -natural of the soil, 40, 50 and 60%) and three P doses (0, 40 and 80 kg ha -1 of P 2 O 5 ) were evaluated. The experimental plots formed a 9 m 2 rectangle with 5 plant rows, spaced by 0.45 m, using the cultivar "Brilliant FMS". The evaluated variables were: dry matter of roots and shoots at three different times (35, 45 and 55 days after emergence), grain yield and oil content. Base saturation favored crambe root and shoot development, yield and oil content, with the best results for base saturation of 47-48%. The addition of P doses also favored the increase of the analyzed variables.Massa seca e produtividade do crambe sob doses de fósforo e saturação por bases em condições de Cerrado Goiano R E S U M OA cultura do crambe é uma opção nos sistemas de rotação de culturas com potencial de matéria-prima para a produção de biodiesel; este estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito da elevação da saturação por bases do solo e a adição de doses de fósforo na produção de massa seca, produtividade de grãos e no teor de óleo do crambe em condições de Cerrado Goiano. O experimento foi desenvolvido em um Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico, delineado em esquema fatorial (4 x 3) com 4 repetições (48 parcelas) em blocos inteiramente casualizados. Foram avaliados 4 níveis de saturação por bases: 34 -natural do solo, 40, 50 e 60% e três doses de fósforo: 0, 40 e 80 kg ha -1 de P 2 O 5 . As parcelas experimentais formavam um retângulo de 9 m 2 com 5 linhas de plantio espaçadas 0,45 m. Foi utilizada a cultivar "FMS Brilhante"; as variáveis avaliadas foram: massa seca de raiz e parte aérea, no tempo (35, 45 e 55 dias após a emergência), produtividade de grãos e teor de óleo. A saturação por bases favoreceu o desenvolvimento da raiz e da parte aérea, a produtividade e o teor de óleo do crambe, com melhores resultados para saturação por bases entre 47-48%. A adição das doses de fósforo também favoreceu o aumento das variáveis analisadas.

Characterization of the soil and the grouping of its properties through main component analysis can assist in the classification and observation of the consequences of the conversion of native forest areas in pastures. Such data can aid in management practices. Considering the lack of studies in Cerrado soils of south-western Goias, developed metagranites of Jurubatuba suite, the objective was to classify and study the physical, chemical and mineralogical soil (under native forest and pasture) Southwest of Goias. Soil sampling and classification followed the Field Methods Manual and the Brazilian System of Soil Classification, respectively. The physical, chemical and mineralogical soil were studied, as well as main component analysis made for these attributes. The profile 1 under native forest was classified as "Cambissolo Háplico Tb eutrófico latossólico". The profile 2 under degraded pasture was rated "Latossolo Amarelo eutrófico típico". In addition, the profile 3 under rotated pasture was rated as "Latossolo Vermelho eutrófico chernossólico". It was observed that the "Latossolos" have higher bulk density and soil penetration resistance, indicating greater soil compaction. They showed high amounts of iron oxides and minor amount of nutrients such as calcium and magnesium. The principal component analysis allowed the grouping of profiles into two groups. Group 1 brought together the properties related to "Latossolos", and the second was related to "Cambissolo" properties. Thus, the principal components analysis aids the understanding of soil properties and the grouping of soils with similar characteristics, the level of order and management. Key words: Cambissolo. Latossolos. Iron and aluminum oxides. ResumoA caracterização do solo e o agrupamento de suas propriedades por meio de análise de componentes principais podem auxiliar na classificação e na observação das consequências da conversão de áreas de mata nativa em pastagens. Tais dados podem auxiliar nas práticas de manejo adotadas. Considerando a ausência de estudos em solos do Cerrado do sudoeste goiano, desenvolvidos de metagranitos da suíte Jurubatuba, o objetivo deste trabalho foi classificar e estudar as propriedades físicas, químicas e mineralógicas de solos (sob mata nativa e pastagens) do Sudeste Goiano.

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-The objective of this work was to estimate the iron oxide contents (hematite and goethite) and to characterize the color and the spectral and magnetic signatures of Cerrado soils in the state of Goiás, Brazil. Six Oxisols and one Inceptisol were studied. Spectral and magnetic signatures were determined by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and magnetic susceptibility, respectively. Then, the spectral curves and the second derivative calculations were used to determine hematite and goethite contents, as well as soil color after conversion into tristimulus values. Hematite and goethite contents were also obtained by x-ray diffractometry, and soil color was also defined in the field (Munsell color chart). The values for the isomorphic substitution of iron by aluminum and the degree of redness were also determined. DRS can be used to estimate hematite and goethite contents, as well as the color of Cerrado soils in the state of Goiás. The spectral signature can point out the main soil properties related to the contents of organic matter, iron oxides, kaolinite, and gibbsite. The magnetic signature, characteristic of soils rich in iron oxides (hematite and goethite), shows the predominance of pedogenic minerals.

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Degradation of the physical-hydric quality of the soils is one of the great obstacles to agricultural production in this country. Inadequate pasture management is one of the main factors that promote soil degradation, by contrast, some alternative farming practices have emerged. The objective of this work was to study the water retention curve obtained through the Richards chamber method, among other attributes of a Yellow Oxisol under Cerrado, planted with pastures in different integrated management systems: integrated crop-livestock-forestry (ILPF); integrated livestock-forestry (IPF); crop-livestock farming (ILP); Unmanaged pasture (P); Rotated picket (PIQ), and native forest (MN). Attributes such as water retention curve, soil density, macro, microporosity and total porosity, available water capacity and organic matter were evaluated in four soil layers (0 -0.10 m, -0.20 m, -0.30 Me -0.40 m). It was observed that the water content, given by the water retention curve in the soil, was higher in all layers of the IPF treatment. The results of the other evaluated attributes revealed that integrated management systems have potential to improve the physical and hydric conditions of the soil.