Influence of Three Different Fiber‐Supplemented Enteral Diets on Bowel Function and Short‐Chain Fatty Acid Production

Kapadia, S.; Raimundo, Ana H.; Grimble, G.; Aimer, P.; Silk, D. B. A.

doi:10.1177/014860719501900163

Cited by 44 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…Although there is the speculation that in carbohydrates malabsorption, dietary fiber supplementation seemed to be redundant in enhancing the SCFAs production [11] , available data from massive small bowel resection models showed the beneficial effect of dietary fiber supplementation on residual small bowel as well as colon adaptation [32][33][34] . In contrast, dietary fiber had little effect on intact intestinal function [35] . Therefore, it seems that the effect of dietary fiber is modified by the absorptive function of intestine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Effect of bowel rehabilitative therapy on structural adaptation of remnant small intestine: animal experiment

Zhou

Li²,

Li³

et al. 2001

WJG

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AIM To investigate the individual and the combined effects of glutamine, dietary fiber, and growth hormone on the structural adaptation of the remnant small bowel. METHODS Forty-two adult male SpragueDawley rats underwent 85% mid-small bowel resection and received total parenteral nutrition ( T P N ) s u p p o r t d u r i n g t h e f i r s t t h r e e p o s t o p e r a t i o n a l d a y s . F r o m t h e 4 t h postoperational day, animals were randomly assigned to receive 7 different treatments for 8 days: TPNcon group, receiving TPN and enteral 20 g·L -1 glycine perfusion; TPN+Gln group, receiving TPN and enteral 20 g·L -1 glutamine perfusion; ENcon group, receiving enteral nutrition (EN) fortified with 20 g·L -1 glycine; EN+Gln group, enteral nutrition fortified with 20 g·L -1 glutamine; EN+Fib group, enteral nutrition and 2 g·L -1 oral soybean fiber; EN+GH group, enteral nutrition and subcutaneous growth hormone (GH) (0.3IU) injection twice daily; and ENint group, glutamine-enriched EN, oral soybean fiber, and subcutaneous GH injection. RESULTS Enteral glutamine perfusion during TPN increased the small intestinal villus height (jejunal villus height 250 µm ± 29 µm in TPNcon vs 330 µm ± 54 µm in TPN+Gln, ileal villus height 260 µm ± 28 µm in TPNcon vs 330 µm ± 22 µm in TPN+Gln, P<0.05) and mucosa thickness (jejunal mucosa thickness 360 µm ± 32 µm in TPNcon vs 460 µm ± 65 µm in TPN+Gln, ileal mucosa thickness 400µm ± 25 µm in TPNcon vs 490 µm ± 11 µm in TPN+Gln, P<0.05) in comparison with the TPNcon group. Either fiber supplementation or GH administration improved body mass gain (end body weight 270 g ± 3.6 g in EN+Fib, 265.7 g ± 3.3 g in EN+GH, vs 257 g ± 3.3 g in ENcon, P<0.05), elevated plasma insulinlike growth factor (IGF-I) level (880 µg·L -1 ± 52 µg·L -1 in EN+Fib, 1 200 µg·L -1 ± 96 µg·L -1 in EN ± GH, vs 620 µg·L -1 ± 43 µg·L -1 in ENcon, P<0.05), and increased the villus height (jejunum 560 µm ± 44 µm in EN ± Fib, 530 µm ± 30 µm in EN ± GH, vs 450 µm ± 44 µm in ENcon, ileum 400 µm ± 30 µm in EN+Fib, 380 µm ± 49 µm in EN ± GH, vs 320 µm ± 16 µm in ENcon, P<0.05) and the mucosa thickness (jejunum 740 µm ± 66 µm in EN ± Fib, 705 µm ± 27 µm in ENGH, vs 608 µm ± 58 µm in ENcon, ileum 570 µm ± 27 µm in EN ± Fib, 560 µm ± 56 µm in EN ± GH, vs 480 µm ± 40 µm in ENcon, P<0.05) in remnant jejunum and ileum. Glutamine-enriched EN produced little effect in body mass, plasma IGF-I level, and remnant small bowel mucosal structure. The ENint group had greater body mass (280 g ± 2. 2 g), plasma IGF-I level (1450 µg·L -1 ± 137 µg·L -1 ), and villus height (jejunum 620 µm ± 56 µm, ileum 450 µm ± 31 µm) and mucosal thickness (jejunum 800 µm ± 52 µm, ileum 633 µm ± 33 µm) than those in ENcon,EN+Gln (jejunum villus height and mucosa thickness 450 µm ± 47 µm and 610 µm ± 63 µm, ileum villus height and mucosa thickness 330 µm ± 39 µm and 500 µm ± 52 µm), EN+GH groups (P<0.05), and than those in EN+Fib group although no statistical significance was attained. CONCLUSION Both dietary fiber and GH when used separately c...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Effect of bowel rehabilitative therapy on structural adaptation of remnant small intestine: animal experiment

Zhou

Li²,

Li³

et al. 2001

WJG

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“…5,9 In contrast, as mentioned earlier, scientific literature has questioned the efficacy of soy polysaccharides. 2,7 Therefore, in our view, the results of the prior clinical trial were not unexpected, but the experimental results from the article in question 8 are, to a certain extent, surprising. It would be interesting to confirm the data, taking the ingested volume into account, as possible differences in the diets characteristics such as taste, smell, viscosity etc.…”

mentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Soy products increased fecal weight by just 2.5 g for each ingested gram, in accordance with the minor effects observed in clinical trials with soy polysaccharide. 2,7 This product has traditionally been used for enteral nutrition because of its easy infusion…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 Indeed, albeit soy polysaccharide contains between 75 and 90% insoluble material and, therefore, potentially being poorly fermentable, in vitro studies have demonstrated greater degrees of fermentation than might be expected. 7 The paper by Freitas et al, in the current issue, 8 also describes a lack of efficacy when soy polysaccharide was used in children with chronic functional constipation and is an excellent example of experimental investigation based on clinical observation. Thus, the authors attempted to test whether the lack of efficacy observed in their clinical trial, compared with soy formula without DF, would be reproduced experimentally.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Constipação crônica funcional: com que fibra suplementar?

Maffei¹

2004

J. Pediatr. (Rio J.)

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Dietary fiber (DF) increases fecal weight by mechanisms that depend on the structure of its components and on the intricate relationship between its physico-chemical properties (water-holding capacity, solubility, particle size, degree of lignification, pentose concentrations, etc.) and the bacterial population of the colon. As the insoluble components of the fiber resist bacterial breakdown, they are eliminated intact and keep the retained water, generating high fecal weight. During the colonic transit this large bulk stimulates propulsive contractions and, transit time being shortened, there might be less water reabsorption, feces becoming wetter. In contrast, 90-100% of the soluble fibers (but just 30-80% of the insoluble) are fermented by the intestinal flora, liberating the retained water and producing shortchain fatty acids. These acids are absorbed, generating water absorption and electrolyte co-absorption, which together with the absorption of the liberated water tends to reduce fecal water content. However, fermentation is also a great stimulus for bacterial mass increase, which, making up around 50% of dry feces, contributes to fecal weight. There are indications that fermentation increases with prolonged fiber consumption, since the bacterial flora polysaccharidases are inducible. Summing up, the main characteristics required for good laxation are attributed to the insoluble fraction of fiber, the soluble fraction playing a contributory role, although it does fulfill other important metabolic functions. 1,2 In addition, excess fermentation has undesirable clinical effects.Variations occur depending on whether fibers are ingested pure, as in many experiments, or as ingredients in foods. For example, pure cellulose isolated from wood is less digestible than that of fruit and vegetable because it is highly crystallized and has a small surface area. Wheat bran, having highly lignified cell walls, ferments less than cabbage or apples,

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“…Water-soluble fiber prevents mucosal atrophy by means of the short-chain fatty acids produced by fermenting water-soluble fiber (24)(25)(26). Soy fiber decreases transit time and increases fecal moisture content compared with guar gum fiber (24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Dietary Fiber on Bowel Mucosal Integrity and Bacterial Translocation in Burned Rats.

Nakamura

Hasebe

Yamakawa

et al. 1997

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, J Nutr Sci Vit

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SummaryThe response of the bowel mucosa to enteral formula supplemented with dietary fiber was examined in rats with 30% full thickness burns. The rats were fed a standard enteral formula without fiber or with one of two types of fiber (insoluble soy fiber or soluble guar gum fiber). Seventy-two hours after burn injury, the mesenteric lymph nodes were excised aseptically for bacterial culturing. Samples of the jejunum, ileum and cecum were also collected for histological examination. There were significantly fewer bacterial colonies in the lymph node cultures from rats given soy fiber compared to those from rats fed no fiber. In rats given soy fiber, the integrity of the bowel mucosa was maintained in the jejunum, ileum and cecum. In rats given guar gum fiber, however, the repair of mucosal erosions was observed in the jejunum and ileum as well as flattening of the cecal mucosa. These findings indicate that soy fiber is superior to guar gum fiber for maintaining bowel mucosal integrity and preventing bacterial translocation in burned rats receiving enteral feeding.

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Influence of Three Different Fiber‐Supplemented Enteral Diets on Bowel Function and Short‐Chain Fatty Acid Production

Cited by 44 publications

References 30 publications

Effect of bowel rehabilitative therapy on structural adaptation of remnant small intestine: animal experiment

Effect of bowel rehabilitative therapy on structural adaptation of remnant small intestine: animal experiment

Constipação crônica funcional: com que fibra suplementar?

Effect of Dietary Fiber on Bowel Mucosal Integrity and Bacterial Translocation in Burned Rats.

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