Influence of the social network on the breastfeeding process: a phenomenological study

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to understand the influence of women's social network during the breastfeeding process. Methods:Qualitative research was conducted, based on Alfred Schütz's phenomenological sociology framework and Sanicola's social network approach, at a primary health care unit in Monza -Italy. Eleven women were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. Results: Three categories were found through comprehensive analysis: routine family support, professional counseling to overcome difficulties and understanding and support perspective. Social network members who had the highest influence on the decision to breastfeed and to maintain it were: husbands, participants' mothers, friends and nurses. The relationship with these members meant assistance, counseling and expectations for understanding and support. Conclusion: Knowledge of the social network of these women is an important resource for health professionals to seek interaction and strengthening of this network as well as to provide more effective actions for breastfeeding promotion, protection and support. resumen Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comprender la influencia de la red social de las mujeres durante la lactancia. Metodos:Investigación cualitativa basada en el marco de la fenomenología social de Alfred Schutz y el enfoque de red social de Sanicola, realizada en una unidad de atención primaria a la salud de Monza -Italia. Once mujeres fueron entrevistados mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas. Resultados: En el análisis global se reveló tres categorías: apoyo a la familia em la vida cotidiana, consejo profesional para superar las dificultades y perspectivas de comprensión y apoyo. Los miembros de la red social que más influyó en la decisión y la lactancia materna fueron: marido, madre, amigos y enfermera. La relación con éstos significó ayuda, orientación y la expectativa de comprensión y apoyo. Conclusión: El conocimiento de la red social es un importante subsidio para que los profesionales de la salud puedan buscan la interacción y el fortalecimiento de esta red así como proporcionar una promoción más eficaz, protección y apoyo de la lactancia materna.

Construção e validação de instrumento avaliativo do conhecimento de escolares sobre amamentação

“…Upon individual verification of I-CVI eleven items (14,16,17,19,21,22,23,24,25,28,29) did not achieve the minimal score of 0.80, and the lowest value was 0.36 (16,23,25). In judgment of 32 items, the mean I-CVI was 0.81.…”

“…However, thirteen (1,2,3,4,7,8,14,16,17,23,24,25,28) items were identified as inadequate, and the lowest proportion identified was in item 1 (40.9%).…”

“…Concerning clarity, judges evaluated as inadequate the eight items (2,8,9,16,17,19,23,24,25), reaching the lowest proportion in item 17 (50%). Nine items (14,16,17,19,23,24,25,28,29) had inadequacy in the presence criterion. Of these, items 16 and 23 achieved the lowest values, 36.4% each, in topic about presence.…”

“…(15,16) The support of primary network to women is essential in the beginning and maintenance of breastfeeding and it can be delivery in different ways: be present, by offer supportive care with the baby and by help with house tasks. (25) These supporting actions are represented in a number of items of instrument (19,20,21,22,26,27,28,29,30). In item 30, it was suggested to replace the term "happy" to "support", however, we opted for not change because the child would understand easily the phrase in its original form.…”

“…After analysis of content validation, we opted to exclude eleven items (14,15,16,17,22,23,24,25,28,29, 32) because they had values of I-CVI lower than 0.80 in the assessment of judges. In the second version of the instrument, 21 items that achieved satisfactory I-CVI were maintained (AppendixChart 2), and for this reason, we considered unnecessary to resend them for judges to be revalidate.…”