Influence of the Maximum Heart Rate Attained during Exercise Testing on Subsequent Heart Rate Recovery

Zaim, Sina; Schesser, Joel; Hirsch, Linda; Rockland, Ronald

doi:10.1111/j.1542-474x.2009.00338.x

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In the present study, there was no relationship between the peak HR or % maximal predicted HR for age and HRR in athletes, but there was in sedentary controls. Recently, Zaim et al reported a relation between the peak HR attained during exercise and the subsequent HRR in 164 patients who were referred for a symptom-limited standard Bruce Protocol treadmill exercise test, based on clinical indications [14]. Furthermore, our previous study showed the same relationship in 125 obese persons [9].…”

Section: Figuresupporting

confidence: 54%

Dynamic component of sports is an important determinant factor of heart rate recovery

Nagashima

Matsumoto

Takagi

et al. 2011

Journal of Cardiology

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Section: Figuresupporting

confidence: 54%

Dynamic component of sports is an important determinant factor of heart rate recovery

Nagashima

Matsumoto

Takagi

et al. 2011

Journal of Cardiology

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“…independent of other potential physiological mechanisms. 19 Importantly, the greatest improvement in HRR was observed at minute one in recovery. HRR 1 has been suggested to have a strong prognostic power in predicting mortality and closely reflects vagal activity post-exercise, 1,20 which has been suggested to drive the reduction in HR immediately after peak exercise, whereas later in recovery sympathetic withdrawal becomes increasingly important in controlling HR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

An inpatient lifestyle-change programme improves heart rate recovery in overweight and obese children and adolescents (LOGIC Trial)

Wilks

Rank

Christle

et al. 2012

Eur J Prev Cardiolog

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“…Even independent of age, subjects with high peak heart rates have better HRR. 36 Age can therefore be a potential cofounding factor when assessing change in HRR measurement over longer periods (>5 y).…”

Section: Personal Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review on Heart-Rate Recovery to Monitor Changes in Training Status in Athletes

Daanen¹,

Lamberts²,

Kallen³

et al. 2012

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

191

152

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Heart-rate recovery (HRR) can be defined as the rate at which heart rate declines, usually within minutes after the cessation of physical exercise. [1][2][3] The autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulates both the initial increase in heart rate after the start of physical activity and the decrease in heart rate immediately after physical activity ends. The ANS is composed of a parasympathetic and a sympathetic branch that operate in a reciprocal and inverse manner: An increase in heart rate is caused by an increase in sympathetic activity combined with decreased parasympathetic drive, whereas HRR is characterized by parasympathetic reactivation and sympathetic withdrawal. [3][4][5][6][7] Cardiac output is adjusted during exercise based on the metabolic demand. The regulation occurs by intrinsic autoregulation of cardiac pumping (the so-called Frank-Starling law of the heart) and by sympathetic activation and parasympathetic deactivation, which increases heart rate and the contraction force of mainly the left ventricle. 8 Increased sympathetic activity combined with parasympathetic withdrawal (eg, during exercise) leads to reduced skin blood flow and increased blood flow to the muscles. 9 When the exercise stops, cardiac output is reduced by intrinsic autoregulation (by the ANS), more specifically by parasympathetic nervous system reactivation and inhibition of sympathetic impulses.Although it is well documented that changes in HRR coincide well with changes in training status in patient populations, 10 to our knowledge a systematic review on the use of HRR in athletes is missing. HRR may be an indicator of fitness, which is currently generally expressed in terms of VO 2max or VO 2peak , the maximum oxygen uptake during exhaustive exercise. Although VO 2max has a strong relationship with training status in a general population, it loses its predictive value for aerobic performance in already well-trained and elite athletes. 2 In addition, the typical error of measurement of VO 2max is relatively high, which makes VO 2max unreliable to monitor training changes over time. 2 In contrast, parameters such as HRR, peak power output, and/or peak treadmill running speed have lower typical errors of measurements, which makes them more sensitive to detect changes in training status.Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review on the use of HRR in athletes to track long-term changes in training status. Methods Data SourcesAn electronic literature search was performed in the digital databases of Scopus, EMBASE, and PubMed. The search terms used were a combination of heart/pulse rate(s), recovery/deceleration, (physical) exercise, and health(y) subjects/population. This search yielded 90 scientific articles (see Figure 1). Heart-rate recovery (HRR) has been proposed as a marker of autonomic function and training status in athletes. The authors performed a systematic review of studies that examined HRR after training. Five cross-sectional studies and 8 studies investigating changes over time (longitudinal)...

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Influence of the Maximum Heart Rate Attained during Exercise Testing on Subsequent Heart Rate Recovery

Abstract: There is a relation between the peak heart rate attained during exercise and the subsequent HRR. A low peak heart rate increases the likelihood of a less than normal HRR. Assessment of the entire heart-rate response seems warranted for more thorough risk-stratification.

Cited by 8 publications

References 23 publications

Dynamic component of sports is an important determinant factor of heart rate recovery

Dynamic component of sports is an important determinant factor of heart rate recovery

An inpatient lifestyle-change programme improves heart rate recovery in overweight and obese children and adolescents (LOGIC Trial)

A Systematic Review on Heart-Rate Recovery to Monitor Changes in Training Status in Athletes

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