Influence of the Diphosphonate EHDP on the Remineralization of Artificial Caries in Human Enamel

Abstract

The influence of localization, posteruptive age and ethane-1-hydroxy-1.1 diphosphonate (EHDP) on artificial caries and its remineralization have been studied in human premolars. The depth of the lesions did not depend on the posteruptive age of the teeth, but on the localization on the teeth, presumably as a result of differences in morphological structure. At 30 μm from the surface of the enamel, an indication for a higher birefringence exists at a posteruptive age of 1 year than later on, suggesting a significantly higher de-mineralization which can be more fully remineralized, leading, in turn, to a lower birefringence. EHDP seems to stimulate, rather than to inhibit remineralization of artificial caries lesions in premolars with a posteruptive age of 1–5 years.

Remineralization of Caries Lesions Extending into Dentin

“…We note that the increased surface remineralization observed with the two fluoride treatments did not inhibit remineralization in the deeper zones of the lesion, as has been suggested to occur (Ten Cate et al, 1981;Larsen and Fejerskov, 1989). The effects of the treatments are in line with results from previous experiments on crystal growth of hydroxyapatite, where fluoride enhances crystallization and bisphosphonates inhibit growth (W6ltgens et al, 1979;Eanes and Hailer, 1998). The results of the 'combination' group indicate that the remineralization process in the outer enamel, but not in the deeper zones, can be 'turned' on and off.…”

Variation in the Susceptibility of Enamel to an in vitro Demineralization System (Short Communication)

“…In the present study sig nificantly greater amounts of demineralization oc curred at the cervical regions of the teeth than at any other area of the enamel sections. This finding is simi lar to that of Woltgens et al [1979] who showed that the lesion depth increased significantly from occlusal to cervical sites and to that of ten Cate et al [1988] who demonstrated that enamel from the cervical re gion of premolars demineralized to a greater extent than that from the more occlusal aspect. However, Creanor et al [1989], in a study involving immersion of teeth in an acidified gelatin solution for 12 weeks, found more mineral loss at the incisal area.…”

“…Similarly, in a study of erupted third-molar teeth, Grobler and Kotze [1988] found higher enamel fluoride levels near the occlusal edge of the teeth than near the cervical margin. However, it is now known that the level of fluoride in solution sur rounding the enamel mineral plays a more important role in inhibiting demineralization than the fluoride incorporated into the enamel crystallite structure [Arends and Christoffersen, 1990;Margolis and Moreno, 1990], and Woltgens et al [1979] have sug gested that morphological differences such as Retzius lines account for the findings of deeper lesions in the cervical region of premolar teeth.…”

Binding of Polyphosphates and Phosphonates to Hydroxyapatite, Subsequent Hydrolysis, Phosphate Exchange and Effects on Demineralization, Mineralization and Microcrystal Aggregation

“…Polyphosphates and phosphonates are known inhibitors of dental caries and cal culus [Harris et al, 1967;Francis et al, 1973;Anbarel al., 1974a, b] and a number of investigations have been carried out in attempts to determine and quantitate the caries-and calculus-related phenomena which are implicated in these effects (Fran cis et al, 1973(Fran cis et al, , 1977Bisaz et al, 1976;McGaughey and Stowell, 1977;Woeltgens et al, 1979;White and Nancollas, 1980;Gonzalez, 1971], The compounds employ ed in such studies have commonly been pyrophosphate (PP), tripolyphosphate (TPP), trimetaphosphate (TMP), hexamet aphosphate (HMP), ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP), methanediphosphonate (MDP) and its dichloro de rivative. The name 'hexametaphosphate' is a misnomer in two respects: The term 'meta' is properly used to designate a ring compound, whereas HMP is a linear chain, and the chain is not necessarily composed of 6 P groups.…”