Variation in the Susceptibility of Enamel to an in vitro Demineralization System (Short Communication)

Macpherson, L.M.D.; Damato, F.A.; MacFarlane, T. W.; Strang, R.; Stephen, K.W.

doi:10.1159/000261357

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…In a previous study, where 500 m of the original surface were abraded, lesions in human samples were both larger and more homogeneous compared with those found in nonabraded sections [de Groot et al, 1986]. When abrading smaller amounts of the enamel surface (100 m) large variations in mineral loss were still observed although abrading was associated with enhanced demineralization [Macpherson et al, 1991]. In that study lesions were prepared in a solution with a high amount of soluble acetic acid at a lower pH value (4.0) than in the present investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Effects of Irradiation on in situ Remineralization of Human and Bovine Enamel Demineralized in vitro

2006

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of irradiation and surface condition on in situ remineralization of demineralized human and bovine enamel. Specimens (n = 96) obtained from 24 human molars and 24 bovine incisors were prepared. The surfaces of half of the specimens were abraded while the others remained natural. Each of the 12 human and bovine abraded and sound specimens was irradiated fractionally up to 46.5 Gy (3.1 Gy/day, 5 days/week), while the remaining samples were not irradiated. Prior to and following the demineralization (pH 5.0; 14 days) all specimens were partly covered with nail varnish (control). After in vitro demineralization 2 irradiated and 2 nonirradiated specimens were inserted into both buccal aspects of 12 intraoral appliances, which were worn by 12 persons for a period of 6 weeks. All samples were brushed twice a day with a fluoride-containing toothpaste. Mineral analyses revealed a significant influence on mineral loss (ΔZ_demin), mineral gain (ΔΔZ), lesion depth (LD_demin), and lesion depth reduction (ΔLD) of the variables ‘material’ and ‘irradiation’ (p < 0.05; ANOVA). Reciprocal interactions could be observed between these two variables for ΔZ_demin, ΔΔZ, and LD_demin, due to significantly reduced values found for the irradiated, abraded bovine specimens compared to the nonirradiated ones (p < 0.05; Bonferroni post hoc test). It can be concluded that neither irradiation nor abrasion influenced in vitro demineralization or in situ remineralization of the human specimens, whereas abrasion hampered demineralization in irradiated, bovine specimens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Therefore, an increased demineralization is expected when the surface is abraded. Studies focusing on this issue have either confi rmed this hypothesis [de Groot et al, 1986;Macpherson et al, 1991] or were unable to show any differences [Featherstone and Rodgers, 1981].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Irradiation on in situ Remineralization of Human and Bovine Enamel Demineralized in vitro

2006

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“…Therefore, an increased demineralization is expected, if the surface is abraded. Studies focusing on this issue have either confirmed this hypothesis (23, 24) or were unable to show any differences (25). Nevertheless, abraded bovine dental hard tissues are commonly regarded as a suitable substitute for natural surfaces.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of various Ca²⁺/PO concentrations of linseed‐based saliva substitutes on enamel in vitro

Meyer-Lueckel

Tschoppe

Kielbassa

2006

J of Oral Rehabilitation

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Remineralization might be hampered by various polymers used in saliva substitutes. Thus, the present study evaluated the effects of various calcium and phosphate concentrations of linseed-based solutions on the mineral loss of pre-demineralized bovine enamel in vitro. A commercially available saliva substitute (Salinum) based on linseed was tested as well. Enamel specimens were prepared from bovine incisors and embedded in epoxy resin. One-third of each sample was covered with nail varnish (control of sound enamel). After demineralization (37 degrees Celsius; pH 5.0; 14 days) another third of the samples was nail-varnished again. Subsequently, the specimens (n = 10) were exposed to 12 linseed-based solutions (Ca(2+) addition 0-2 mM; PO4(3-) addition 0-3.2 mM) at pH 5.5 and 6.5 as well as to Salinum) for 14 days (37 degrees Celsius). The differences in mineral loss between the values prior to and after the storage in the various solutions were evaluated from microradiographs of thin sections (100 mum). The general linear model revealed a significant dependency for the mineral loss on 'calcium' (P = 0.003), but not on 'pH' (P = 0.397) and 'phosphate' (P = 0.094). Salinum) induced a significant greater mineral loss compared with equivalently saturated solutions (P< 0.05; anova, Bonferroni). The solution with the highest calcium and phosphate concentration showed the greatest mineral gain (P = 0.033; paired t-test). The addition of calcium and phosphate seems to have a positive effect on the remineralizing qualities of linseed-based saliva substitutes.

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“…To control for the effect of differences in enamel hardness, we obtained from the same tooth the opposing tooth segments used in experiments, and were careful to ensure that the enamel surfaces showed no developmental defects. Furthermore, all assessments of wear rates were made after the initial or primary phase of wear had removed the surface layer that tends to vary in hardness between individuals (Macpherson et al, 1991).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wear of Human Enamel: A Quantitative in vitro Assessment

et al. 1998

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Many factors influence the extent and rate at which enamel wears. Clinical studies in humans are limited by difficulties in the accurate quantification of intra-oral wear and by a lack of control over the oral environment. The purpose of this study was to determine the wear characteristics of human dental enamel under controlled experimental conditions. An electro-mechanical tooth wear machine, in which opposing enamel surfaces of sectioned, extracted teeth were worn under various conditions, was used to simulate tooth grinding or bruxism. Enamel surface wear was quantified by weight to an accuracy of 0.1 mg, with water uptake and loss controlled. The variables considered included the structure and hardness of enamel, facet area, duration of tooth contact, relative speed of opposing surfaces, temperature, load, pH, and the nature of the lubricant. Enamel wear under non-lubricated conditions increased with increasing load over the range of 1.7 to 16.2 kg. The addition of a liquid lubricant (pH = 7) reduced enamel wear up to 6.7 kg, but when the load increased above this threshold, the rate of wear increased dramatically. With the viscosity of the lubricant constant and pH = 3, the rate of wear was further reduced to less than 10% of the non-lubricated rate at 9.95 kg, after which the rate again increased substantially. Under more extreme conditions (pH = 1.2, simulating gastric acids), the wear was excessive under all experimental loads. When saliva was used as a lubricant, the amount of wear was relatively low at 9.95 kg, but rapid wear occurred at 14.2 kg and above. These results indicate that under non-lubricated conditions, enamel wear remains low at high loads due to the dry-lubricating capabilities of fine enamel powder. Under lubricated conditions, low loads with an acidic lubricant lead to little enamel wear, whereas very low pH results in a high rate of wear under all loads.

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Variation in the Susceptibility of Enamel to an in vitro Demineralization System (Short Communication)

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

Effects of Irradiation on in situ Remineralization of Human and Bovine Enamel Demineralized in vitro

Effects of Irradiation on in situ Remineralization of Human and Bovine Enamel Demineralized in vitro

Effect of various Ca²⁺/PO concentrations of linseed‐based saliva substitutes on enamel in vitro

Wear of Human Enamel: A Quantitative in vitro Assessment

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Variation in the Susceptibility of Enamel to an in vitro Demineralization System (Short Communication)

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

Effects of Irradiation on in situ Remineralization of Human and Bovine Enamel Demineralized in vitro

Effects of Irradiation on in situ Remineralization of Human and Bovine Enamel Demineralized in vitro

Effect of various Ca2+/PO concentrations of linseed‐based saliva substitutes on enamel in vitro

Wear of Human Enamel: A Quantitative in vitro Assessment

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Effect of various Ca²⁺/PO concentrations of linseed‐based saliva substitutes on enamel in vitro