Effect of various Ca²⁺/PO concentrations of linseed‐based saliva substitutes on enamel in vitro

Abstract

Remineralization might be hampered by various polymers used in saliva substitutes. Thus, the present study evaluated the effects of various calcium and phosphate concentrations of linseed-based solutions on the mineral loss of pre-demineralized bovine enamel in vitro. A commercially available saliva substitute (Salinum) based on linseed was tested as well. Enamel specimens were prepared from bovine incisors and embedded in epoxy resin. One-third of each sample was covered with nail varnish (control of sound enamel). After demineralization (37 degrees Celsius; pH 5.0; 14 days) another third of the samples was nail-varnished again. Subsequently, the specimens (n = 10) were exposed to 12 linseed-based solutions (Ca(2+) addition 0-2 mM; PO4(3-) addition 0-3.2 mM) at pH 5.5 and 6.5 as well as to Salinum) for 14 days (37 degrees Celsius). The differences in mineral loss between the values prior to and after the storage in the various solutions were evaluated from microradiographs of thin sections (100 mum). The general linear model revealed a significant dependency for the mineral loss on 'calcium' (P = 0.003), but not on 'pH' (P = 0.397) and 'phosphate' (P = 0.094). Salinum) induced a significant greater mineral loss compared with equivalently saturated solutions (P< 0.05; anova, Bonferroni). The solution with the highest calcium and phosphate concentration showed the greatest mineral gain (P = 0.033; paired t-test). The addition of calcium and phosphate seems to have a positive effect on the remineralizing qualities of linseed-based saliva substitutes.

Saliva substitutes for the treatment of radiation-induced xerostomia—a review

“…It has been found that supersaturation of mucin-based saliva substitutes (self developed) with calcium phosphates may contribute to the remineralization of both demineralized enamel [27] and dentin [36]. Similar results have been reported for saliva substitutes based on linseed for bovine enamel and dentin [31,37] or carboxymethylcellulose (self developed) for bovine enamel [33]. However, carboxymethylcellulose-based saliva substitutes appeared to have only a little effect on remineralization of predemineralized dentin despite of saturation or supersaturation with calcium phosphates [38].…”

Effect of various calcium/phosphates ratios of carboxymethylcellulose-based saliva substitutes on mineral loss of bovine enamel in vitro

“…Nevertheless, in this experiment, KH 2 PO 4 was used for comparing reasons with other studies investigating the remineralising properties of potential saliva substitutes. [8][9][10]29 Prospectively, high concentrated solutions with respect to phosphates should contain K 3 PO 4 , K 2 HPO 4 and it might be advisable to add appropriate buffer solutions.…”

Evaluation of the Distribution and Orientation of Remineralized Enamel Crystallites in Subsurface Lesions by X-Ray Diffraction

“…For each block, sound, demineralized (DEM), and remineralized (REM) zones were then made on the same enamel surface as follows. First, one third of each block surface was covered with a nail varnish as described by Meyer-Lueckel et al [2006]. Subsurface lesions were then formed in a two-layer system of 8% methylcellulose gel (Metcel MC, Fluka, USA) and 0.1 M lactate buffer (pH 4.6) at 37 ° C for 14 days [ten Cate et al, 1996].…”