Saliva substitutes for the treatment of radiation-induced xerostomia—a review

Hahnel, Sebastian; Behr, Michaël; Handel, Gerhard; Bürgers, Ralf

doi:10.1007/s00520-009-0671-x

Cited by 106 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(93 reference statements)

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“…2012 Jan-Feb;26(1): Hyposalivation, which is characterised by decreased salivary flow, and xerostomia, the subjective feeling of a dry mouth, may or may not be associated. 3,4 Factors related to hyposalivation and xerostomia include aging, the presence of glandular or systemic diseases and the use of certain drugs (e.g., anticholinergics, anxiolytics, antihypertensives, diuretics, antihistamines, anti-reflux). In addition, it may be a side effect of head and neck radiotherapy.…”

Section: Declaration Of Interestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because it is typically not composed of any medications, it may be administered by the patient whenever they feel that their mouth is dry. 3 The composition of artificial saliva includes substances that soothe a dry mouth by lubricating the oral cavity. [6][7][8][9] The species of the genus Candida are constituents of the oral microbiota of humans and are commensal microorganisms.…”

Section: Declaration Of Interestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of artificial saliva in biofilm formation of Candida albicans in vitro

et al. 2012

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Due to the increase in life expectancy, new treatments have emerged which, although palliative, provide individuals with a better quality of life. Artificial saliva is a solution that contains substances that moisten a dry mouth, thus mimicking the role of saliva in lubricating the oral cavity and controlling the existing normal oral microbiota. This study aimed to assess the influence of commercially available artificial saliva on biofilm formation by Candida albicans. Artificial saliva I consists of carboxymethylcellulose, while artificial saliva II is composed of glucose oxidase, lactoferrin, lysozyme and lactoperoxidase. A control group used sterile distilled water. Microorganisms from the oral cavity were transferred to Sabouraud Dextrose Agar and incubated at 37 °C for 24 hours. Colonies of Candida albicans were suspended in a sterile solution of NaCl 0.9%, and standardisation of the suspension to 10 6 cells/mL was achieved. The acrylic discs, immersed in artificial saliva and sterile distilled water, were placed in a 24-well plate containing 2 mL of Sabouraud Dextrose Broth plus 5% sucrose and 0.1 mL aliquot of the Candida albicans suspension. The plates were incubated at 37 °C for 5 days, the discs were washed in 2 mL of 0.9% NaCl and placed into a tube containing 10 mL of 0.9% NaCl. After decimal dilutions, aliquots of 0.1 mL were seeded on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar and incubated at 37 °C for 48 hours. Counts were reported as CFU/mL (Log10). A statistically significant reduction of 29.89% (1.45 CFU/mL) of Candida albicans was observed in saliva I when compared to saliva II (p = 0.002, considering p ≤ 0.05).

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Section: Declaration Of Interestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Declaration Of Interestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of artificial saliva in biofilm formation of Candida albicans in vitro

et al. 2012

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“…A few commercially available saliva substitutes demonstrated remineralizing effects, while others had a substantial demineralizing potential on enamel and dentin [7][8][9]. To increase the remineralizing capacities, fluorides, calcium, and phosphates have been added to saliva substitutes [10,11]. Saliva substitutes supersaturated with respect to octacalcium phosphate (OCP) should preferably be used, since calcium and phosphates may form complexes with the polymer ingredients of artificial salivas [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of saliva substitutes in combination with fluorides on remineralization of subsurface dentin lesions

Zandim

Tschoppe

Sampaio

et al. 2010

Support Care Cancer

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“…5,6,7 Numerous saliva substitutes in forms of sprays, gels, oils, mouthrinses, pastilles, viscous liquids and gums are available to relieve the symptoms of dry mouth and increase salivary flow. 8 They each differ with respect to their base substance, chemical composition and viscosity. It is still questioned whether they are really effective for relieving the sensation of dry mouth and whether one topical therapy is superior to another.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of saliva substitutes on enamel erosion in vitro

Aykut-Yetkiner

Wiegand

Attin

2014

Journal of Dentistry

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OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of saliva substitutes on enamel erosion in vitro. METH-ODS A total of 204 bovine enamel samples were embedded in acrylic resin and allocated to 17 groups (n=12). The specimens were eroded in an artificial mouth (3 days; 6×30 s/days, flow rate: 2 ml/min) using citric acid (pH: 2.5). Immediately after the erosive attacks, saliva substitutes (12 sprays, 3 gels) were applied. Between the erosive cycles the specimens were rinsed with artificial saliva (flowrate: 0.5 ml/min). A SnCl2/AmF/NaF-containing mouthrinse was used as positive control, water spray served as negative control. Enamel loss was measured profilometrically and the data were analyzed using oneway ANOVA followed by Scheffé's post hoc tests (p<0.05). RESULTS Four saliva substitutes increased enamel erosion, probably due to the low pH or the content of citric acid. Several saliva substitutes were able to reduce enamel erosion significantly by 60-90% (in the range of the positive control). The protective potential of these products was in the range of the positive control (reduction of enamel loss to 30% of negative control). The erosion-protective potential of these high-viscous products is probably related to their film-forming properties, leading to a mechanical protection of the surface. CONCLUSION Saliva substitutes containing a very low pH exhibit a distinct erosive potential, while most high-viscous products present an erosion-protective effect. It can be recommended that patients suffering from xerostomia and at high risk for dental erosion should use high-viscous saliva substitutes, but should avoid saliva substitutes with low pH or containing citric acid. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE It can be recommended that patients suffering from xerostomia and at high risk for dental erosion should use high-viscous saliva substitutes, but should avoid saliva substitutes with low pH or containing citric acid. Material and methods:A total of 204 bovine enamel samples were embedded in acrylic resin and allocated to 17 groups (n=12). The specimens were eroded in an artificial mouth (3 d; 6 × 30 s/d, flow rate: 2 ml/min) using citric acid (pH: 2.5). Immediately after the erosive attacks, saliva substitutes (12 sprays, 3 gels) were applied. Between the erosive cycles the specimens were rinsed with artificial saliva (flowrate: 0.5 ml/min). A SnCl 2 /AmF/NaF-containing mouthrinse was used as positive control, water spray served as negative control. Enamel loss was measured profilometrically and the data were analysed using one-way ANOVA followed by Scheffé's post-hoc tests (p < 0.05).

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Saliva substitutes for the treatment of radiation-induced xerostomia—a review

Cited by 106 publications

References 46 publications

Influence of artificial saliva in biofilm formation of Candida albicans in vitro

Influence of artificial saliva in biofilm formation of Candida albicans in vitro

Effect of saliva substitutes in combination with fluorides on remineralization of subsurface dentin lesions

The effect of saliva substitutes on enamel erosion in vitro

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