Influence of the Caiçaras on Soil Properties in the Savanna Region of Roraima, Northern Amazon

Gonçalves, Ludmilla Verona Carvalho; Pinho, Rachel Camargo de; Ayres, Marta Iria da Costa; Ticona-Benavente, César Augusto; Pereira, Henrique dos Santos; Neves, Afrânio Ferreira; Alfaia, Sônia Sena

doi:10.3390/su132011354

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 24 publications

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“…Studies measuring soil characteristics at 0-10 or 0-15 or 0-20 cm soil depth were considered comparable. In one case (Gonçalves et al 2021) results from analyses at 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm were averaged to provide the 0-20 cm soil depth. Although methods of elemental analysis differed between studies, kraal and control treatments from which relative differences were calculated always used the same method, and therefore any differences in values between methods was not considered to affect comparisons.…”

Section: Data Harmonisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kraals or bomas increase soil carbon and fertility across several biomes

Momberg

Haw

Rajah

et al. 2023

African Journal of Range & Forage Science

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including rangelands cover 45% of the global terrestrial surface, providing food and livelihoods for millions of people while also making available critical habitat for wildlife species (Herrero et al. 2013). The importance of rangelands was recently emphasised by the United Nations (UN) when they declared this the decade (2021-2030) of ecosystem restoration, and placed particular importance on restoration and recognition of African rangelands as important open ecosystems (UN 2019). Here restoration is used in the sense of rehabilitation to a desired state, or where known, a native historical state. The consequences of rangeland mismanagement, often involving livestock, can be seen in rangeland resource degradation (e.g. soil erosion, loss of plant productivity), land use conflicts and decisions that favour short-term, piecemeal responses (UNCCD 2008). Yet in many of the arid and semi-arid rangelands of Africa, livestock are often the only viable production alternative to crops, and play a critical role in the cultural practices of pastoralist communities (Krätli et al. 2013) while partially fulfilling a niche in the absence of wildlife. "Optimal grazing", as one pathway in natural climate solutions, may provide opportunities to restore rather than degrade soil and vegetation (Griscom et al. 2017;Griscom et al. 2020). One overlooked tool in "optimal grazing" and rangeland restoration may be the use of traditional, short duration and overnight kraals. Kraals (corrals or bomas) are barriers used by pastoralists to confine livestock overnight or for longer periods and are made of either natural material (scrub or logs), fencing, or synthetic mobile sheeting (Augustine 2003). Kraaling activity dates to ancient pastoral societies who herded their livestock alongside wild animals, often following similar migration routes and seasonal foraging patterns to wild herbivores (Fynn et al. 2016). Thus, a primary reason for pastoralists to herd and kraal livestock was to protect them from predation, i.e. for favourable animal production. However, these activities may have multi-faceted gains or 'desired effects' for the ecosystem compared to fenced or unattended livestock, e.g. herding and planned grazing may maintain plant biomass production and diversity, while animal confinement during kraaling potentially enables nutrient enrichment for plant growth as well as multiple actions such as animal observation, veterinary treatment, and milking.While very little quantitative and comparative information exists on the effect of herding on ecosystems, more information is available for kraaling. Over the last decade, the concept and implementation of kraaling as an active restoration method has received increased attention in east and southern Africa, e.g. Hawkins et al. (2022);Huruba et al. (2018);Huruba et al. (2022). Kraals have long been known as sites of nutrient enrichment (Porensky and

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Section: Data Harmonisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kraals or bomas increase soil carbon and fertility across several biomes

Momberg

Haw

Rajah

et al. 2023

African Journal of Range & Forage Science

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Amazonian deforestation and its influence on soil biotic factors and abiotic properties

2023

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Effect of biofertilization with cattle urine on the chemical properties of an Oxisol from the Amazon savanna

Silva,

Nascimento,

Silva

et al. 2023

Pesqui. Agropecu. Trop.

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Soil correctives and mineral fertilizers are important for a sustainable production; however, they are ineffective in the long run, showing the need to apply alternative products. This research aimed to analyze the effect of cattle urine concentrations on the chemical properties of an Oxisol from the Amazon savanna. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a split-plot scheme over time, with five replications. Six cow urine concentrations (0, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 100 %) were randomized in the plots, and five soil collection times for evaluation (0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after application) were designated as subplots. At each collection time, the soil chemical properties were determined. The applied cow urine increases the soil pH up to the neutral range. The application of increasing concentrations of cattle urine positively influences the potassium content, sum of bases, base saturation and cation exchange capacity of the soil. The levels of organic matter decrease linearly over the evaluation periods, independently of the applied cattle urine concentrations. Among the studied concentrations, that of 80 % is the most recommended to improve the soil chemical attributes.

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Influence of the Caiçaras on Soil Properties in the Savanna Region of Roraima, Northern Amazon

Cited by 3 publications

References 24 publications

Kraals or bomas increase soil carbon and fertility across several biomes

Kraals or bomas increase soil carbon and fertility across several biomes

Amazonian deforestation and its influence on soil biotic factors and abiotic properties

Effect of biofertilization with cattle urine on the chemical properties of an Oxisol from the Amazon savanna

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