Influence of temporary flooding at three growth stages on soybeans grown on a clayey soil

Abstract

Knowledge of crop response to temporary waterlogging is important in the development of effective water management practices. A field study was conducted to determine the response of soybean rGlvcine max. (L.) Merr] grown on a poorly drained, clayey soil to temporary flooding at three growth stages. The four treatments were soybean flooded for seven consecutive days at either VI, V4 or R2 growth stages at a flood height of 0.03 m above the soil surface and a well-watered control. Flooding for seven consecutive days wetted but did not saturate the lower parts of the soil profile. This was attributed to the swelling by the montmorillonitic clay and subsequent sealing of the soil near the surface. In general, Eh and ODR decreased gradually during the flood, but 1045 increased as the soil dried upon removal of the flood. Canopy heights and dry weights of the flooded soybeans were dependent on plant growth stage at flooding and time of measurement but were lower than the control. When flooded at the VI or V4 growth stages, concentrations of N and K in the above-ground plants were lower than the control after the flood. Three weeks after the flood was removed higher concentrations of these elements were found. When flooded at R2, concentrations of N and K were lower than in the control. Few differences were found in the plant concentrations of Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Al, and Na in the plant due to the flood, but by the end of the growing season, concentrations of Mn, Fe and Al were higher in the R2 flooded soybeans than in the other treatments. Seed yield response of the soybeans depended upon plant growth stage at flooding. The soybeans were particularly sensitive to the seven days of continuous flood at the R2 growth stage. Values of relative seed yield were 88, 83, and 44 % of the well watered-control for the VI, V4 and R2 growth stages, respectively.Differences in seed yield were found with cultivar and with cultivar*flood treatment.

Biomass production and yield of soybean grown under converted paddy fields with excess water during the early growth stage

“…Slow plant growth and smaller leaves observed were in accordance with the opinion of (Bacanamwo and Purcell, 1999), who reported retardation of leaf expansion, is an indicator as an early response to flooding. Many studies have reported a greater reduction of yield when plants were treated with excess water at a late growth stage than an early stage (Oosterhuis et al, 1990;Rhine et al, 2010;Scott et al, 1990;Youn et al, 2008). In some cases, it has even been suggested that the influence of flooding during early vegetative period is negligible (Rhine et al, 2010) because the slower early growth was more-or-less recovered during the late growing period.…”

“…soil water environment. Oosterhuis et al (1990) and Scott et al (1990) found a yield reduction of 17-43% and 50-56% when water logging was imposed at the vegetative and reproductive stages, respectively. Rhine et al (2010) reported an increase of yield by short-term flooding in the vegetative stage presumably with insufficient irrigation for the control without flooding, but there was a significant decline when it was continued for a longer duration in the reproductive stage.…”

Penetration resistance as affected by shallow-cut land leveling and cropping

“…Soybean survival is also sensitive to extended periods of nearly saturated soil (Griffin and Saxton, 1988;Scott et al, 1989;Oosterhuis et al, 1990;Scott et al, 1990;Linkemer et al, 1998). Therefore, the potential effects of increased penetration resistance (i.e., compaction) may be most devastating when soybean is grown in rotation with rice on leveled fields.…”

Effect of Flood Stress on Soybean Seed Germination in the Field

“…Most soybean cultivars are sensitive to flood stress causing chlorosis, necrosis, stunting, defoliation, reduction of nitrogen fixation, and plant death [12] [13] [14] [15] [16]. All of these symptoms occur at various vegetative (V) and reproductive (R) stages of the plant growth causing various level of yield deterioration [14] [16] [17] [18] [19]. Flooding as an abiotic stress causes approximately 16% reduction in soybean productivity worldwide and loss of billions of dollars for farmers [3] [20] [21].…”