Penetration resistance as affected by shallow-cut land leveling and cropping

Brye, Kristofor R.; Slaton, Nathan A.; Norman, Richard

doi:10.1016/j.still.2004.03.019

Cited by 27 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Many benefits are associated with the land leveling practice (Ramos et al, 2007); however, studies have also pointed to some disadvantages due to severe soil disturbance, indicating that there is some controversy regarding the positive and negative effects of leveling (Walker et al, 2003;Brye et al, 2005;Cay & Cattle, 2005). Therefore, new studies are necessary to investigate the subject, establishing parameters that may help farmers when planning land leveling, in the sense of foreseeing changes that will occur in the area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and biological attributes of a lowland soil affected by land leveling

Parfitt

Timm

Reichardt

et al. 2013

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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-The objective of this work was to evaluate the relationship between soil chemical and biological attributes and the magnitude of cuts and fills after the land leveling process of a lowland soil. Soil samples were collected from the 0-0.20 m layer, before and after leveling, on a 100 point grid established in the experimental area, to evaluate chemical attributes and soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC). Leveling operations altered the magnitude of soil chemical and biological attributes. Values of Ca, Mg, S, cation exchange capacity, Mn, P, Zn, and soil organic matter (SOM) decreased in the soil profile, whereas Al, K, and MBC increased after leveling. Land leveling decreased in 20% SOM average content in the 0-0.20 m layer. The great majority of the chemical attributes did not show relations between their values and the magnitude of cuts and fills. The relation was quadratic for SOM, P, and total N, and was linear for K, showing a positive slope and indicating increase in the magnitude of these attributes in cut areas and stability in fill areas. The relationships between these chemical attributes and the magnitude of cuts and fills indicate that the land leveling map may be a useful tool for degraded soil recuperation through amendments and organic fertilizers.Index terms: flooded rice, soil biological attributes, soil chemical attributes, soil management, soil movement. Atributos químicos e biológicos de um solo de várzea afetados pela sistematização do terrenoResumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a relação entre os atributos químicos e biológicos do solo e as magnitudes de cortes e aterros após sistematização de um solo de várzea. Foram coletadas amostras de solo na camada de 0-0,20 m, antes e depois da sistematização, em uma malha de 100 pontos estabelecida na área experimental, para avaliar os atributos químicos do solo e o carbono da biomassa microbiana (CBM). A sistematização alterou a magnitude dos atributos químicos e biológicos do solo. Valores de Ca, Mg, S, capacidade de troca catiônica, Mn, P, Zn e matéria orgânica do solo (MOS) diminuíram no perfil do solo, enquanto os de Al, K e CBM aumentaram após a sistematização. A sistematização reduziu em 20% o conteúdo médio de MOS na camada de 0-0,20 m. A maior parte dos atributos químicos não apresentou relação com as magnitudes de corte e aterro. A relação foi quadrática para MOS, P e N total, e linear para K, mostrando inclinação positiva e aumento das magnitudes destes atributos em áreas de corte e estabilidade em áreas de aterro. As relações entre estes atributos químicos e as magnitudes de cortes e aterro indicam que o mapa de sistematização pode ser uma ferramenta útil para a recuperação de solos degradados por meio da aplicação de corretivos e fertilizantes orgânicos.Termos para indexação: arroz irrigado, atributos biológicos do solo, atributos químicos do solo, manejo do solo, movimento do solo.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and biological attributes of a lowland soil affected by land leveling

Parfitt

Timm

Reichardt

et al. 2013

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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“…This indicates the formation of a layer characterized by reduced porosity at the soil surface, probably due to land leveling or to the effects of the previous rice-growing season. Land levelling can disrupt the surface soil of rice fields to the point that it could be considered structureless (Brye et al 2005). After the growing season (November 3, 2005), θ s and a values of the surface soil (5-10 cm) were decreased, in comparison with those determined before the growing season (May 4, 2005) ( Table 2).…”

Section: Van Genuchten Model Parametersmentioning

confidence: 93%

Methodology to Assess the Effects of Rice Cultivation Under Flooded Conditions on van Genuchten’s Model Parameters and Pore Size Distribution

2011

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The effects of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation under flooded conditions on soil's physical-hydraulic properties were studied in this article, using a new methodology based on a combined analysis on soil water retention curve (WRC) and pore size distribution (PSD). WRC analysis was carried out through the changes of van Genuchten's model parameters, the characteristics of WRC at the inflection point, and the specific water capacity curve. Analysis of PSD was performed on the volume changes of porosity fractions through a detailed pore size classification, while different pore size classifications based on their hydraulic and structural characteristics were also used. The methodology was applied using a small dataset obtained from fine-textured Entisol soils which were subjected to rice cultivation under flooded conditions in Axios River plain (Northern Greece). Measurements of WRC were obtained at four depths of the soil profile from two fields, before and after the growing season of rice. The analysis indicated that the van Genuchten's model parameters (θ s, a, and n) and the WRC characteristics at the inflection point (pressure head h i, pore equivalent diameter D i, and slope S i) significantly changed after the growing season following similar patterns, along the soil profile in both fields. The parameters θ s, a, D i, and S i were decreased, while n and h i were increased. The h i and a were the most sensitive parameters, while the values of (h i and 1/a) in each layer before and after the growing season for each field were linearly correlated and shifted to higher values because of compaction, indicating that it could be applied as a tool to evaluate the degree of soil compaction to similarly textured soils. The peaks of the specific water capacity curves were compressed (lower values of slope S i) and shifted to lower water potentials (h i) that corresponded to pores of equivalent diameter D i between 2 and 6 μm. The soils had few structural pores (>9 μm) and low air-filled porosity (>30 μm) before the growing season, which presented accessory reduction after the growing season in both fields. Total porosity was reduced at the expense of structural porosity along the soil profile, while the pore size class of 5-3 μm was identified as the threshold where the smaller pores' volume started to increase in all layers of both fields. The results indicated that the changes in the WRC and the PSD follow specific trends, which can be used in future studies to model temporal variability of soil's physical-hydraulic properties

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“…Johnson et al (1978) showed that the average yield of the precision leveled fields is significantly more than the yield for traditional leveled. In addition, the mean time to irrigate a hectare field is significantly less for precision leveled than the traditional leveled [4]. The land leveling causes differences in soil depth and in soil layer characteristics along and across the plot.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simple Method for Land Grading Computations and its Comparison with Genetic Algorithm (GA) Method

2017

International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Scien

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This paper reports the development of a new method for land grading computation having time saving and simplicity advantages. The conventional method uses the trial and error process to determine the desired cut-fill ratio, which is cumbersome and time-consuming. In developed method, the trial and error process is not necessary. Instead, the Excel Solver was applied to determine the plane equation of land grading, and minimize the earthwork volume based on a desirable cut-fill ratio. Then, results of the new method for three data sets were compared with the conventional and genetic algorithm (GA) methods. In all of the data sets, results of the new method were better than two other methods. The cut-to-fill ratio and cut volume were less in new method than others.

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Penetration resistance as affected by shallow-cut land leveling and cropping

Cited by 27 publications

References 35 publications

Chemical and biological attributes of a lowland soil affected by land leveling

Chemical and biological attributes of a lowland soil affected by land leveling

Methodology to Assess the Effects of Rice Cultivation Under Flooded Conditions on van Genuchten’s Model Parameters and Pore Size Distribution

A Simple Method for Land Grading Computations and its Comparison with Genetic Algorithm (GA) Method

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