Influence of substrate age and quality on species diversity of lichens and bryophytes on stumps

Caruso, Alexandro; Rudolphi, Jörgen

doi:10.1639/0007-2745-112.3.520

Cited by 51 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The moss flora also seems to consist of widespread and common species on stumps. However, the results for lichens are more similar to our beetle results, as several rare but not red-listed lichen species occur on stumps, but they are associated with later successional stages than those studied here (Caruso and Rudolphi 2009).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Logs and stumps in clearcuts support similar saproxylic beetle diversity: implications for bioenergy harvest

Jonsell¹,

Hansson²

2011

Silva Fenn.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Stumps from clear cuts are increasingly used for bioenergy. Extracting this wood will reduce the habitat available for saproxylic (wood-living) organisms. As little is known about the species assemblages that will be affected, we investigated the diversity of saproxylic beetles in stumps on clear-felled sites and as a reference, we compared it with the diversity in downed logs. Stumps and logs of aspen (Populus tremula L.), birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. verrucosa Ehrh.[syn. B. pendula Roth]), spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) were examined in clear cuts of two different ages: one summer old and 4-5 years old. The beetles were sampled by sieving bark (0.25 m 2 ) peeled from the wood. The samples were taken in pairs of one log and one stump situated close together and of the same tree species, age since death and diameter. In total 3348 saproxylic beetles belonging to 124 species were found in 176 samples. The stumps had a similar number of species to the logs both as measured per sample and as an accumulated number. Exceptions were 4-5 years old wood of birch and pine where the number was significantly higher in the stumps. The number of red-listed species was also similar between stumps and logs. Species composition was more different between the stumps and logs of conifers than of deciduous trees. We conclude that clear-felled stumps have a diverse saproxylic insect fauna. This has to be taken into account if large scale extraction of logging stumps is implemented.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Logs and stumps in clearcuts support similar saproxylic beetle diversity: implications for bioenergy harvest

Jonsell¹,

Hansson²

2011

Silva Fenn.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…is not a significant substrate for lichens (Caruso et al, 2011), but spruce stumps on clear-cut sites can host species-rich assemblages (Caruso and Thor, 2007;Caruso and Rudolphi, 2009;Svensson et al, 2013). Diverse lichen assemblages are also known to occur on old stumps in mature forests (Kuusinen and Siitonen, 1998;Humphrey et al, 2002;Nascimbene et al, 2008b), but since both stand age and decay stage (Nascimbene et al, 2008a) affect the composition of lichen assemblages on dead wood, further research is needed to determine the value of older stumps for epiphytic lichens (however, see Caruso and Rudolphi (2009) for lichens on spruce stumps). The impacts of retention forestry and prescribed burning on the species assemblages that occur on stumps and slash have not been studied either.…”

Section: Epiphytic Lichens and Intensive Forest Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retention forestry and intensified biomass harvest: epiphytic lichen assemblages under opposing ecological effects in pine-dominated boreal forests

Hämäläinen¹

2016

Diss. For.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Intensive forestry has led to changes in the structure and function of boreal forests and to the endangerment of forest-dwelling species. Different management methods, such as retention forestry, have been developed to counter the negative biodiversity impacts, although forest use has intensified at the same time: for example, stumps and logging residues are commonly harvested for biofuel. This thesis examines the potential impacts of biofuel harvest, retention forestry and prescribed burning on epiphytic lichen assemblages in pine-dominated boreal forests. In addition, post-harvest dynamics of retention trees were studied to assess their capacity to support species diversity in the early successional forests. The study is based on a large, empirical dataset collected in eastern Finland from 24 study sites that were treated experimentally with a combination of retention harvest and prescribed burning, and, additionally, from 13 sites that represent different stages of forest succession.The results show that retention forestry has the potential to maintain pre-harvest legacies and support high lichen diversity on harvested sites: 85 lichen species, including Red-Listed species and dead wood specialists, were recorded on retained Scots pines (Pinus sylvestris L.) or their dead wood legacies 11 years post-harvest. However, the outcome of retention forestry is affected by post-harvest mortality rates and the fall patterns of the retained trees, which in turn differ depending on the retention tree volume, possible application of prescribed burning, and tree-level factors.Prescribed burning of harvested sites increased retention tree mortality rates and decreased epiphytic lichen richness 11-12 years post-fire. However, in combination with high retention volumes, burning created more diverse dead wood habitats than retention forestry alone. Thus, despite the initial negative effect, the application of prescribed burning on part of the harvested sites could eventually increase lichen diversity at the landscape scale.Scots pine stumps on harvested sites hosted 83 lichen species, and may be a valuable habitat resource for wood-dwelling lichens if dead wood volumes in the landscape are otherwise low. Therefore, large-scale stump harvest may decrease lichen diversity. Instead, fine woody debris was found to be a less valuable substrate for epiphytic lichens and could be harvested for biofuel without notable effects on lichen populations.This study shows that retention forestry can be used to enhance lichen species richness in managed forests, while stump harvest has the opposite effect by reducing lichens' habitats. Prescribed burning decreases lichen species richness at the stand scale but may enhance it at the landscape scale, provided that burning is avoided on the most valuable, lichen-rich stands.

show abstract

“…These species usually require coarse woody debris (CWD) or other types of uncommon woody substrates for survival and reproduction. In fact, mainly generalist species with broader substrate and habitat requirements seem to utilize spruce residues , Junnien et al 2006, Caruso & Rudolphi 2009). In addition, fresh FWD is abundant in today's forest landscapes (Liski et al 2006, Egnell et al 2006; see discussion above).…”

Section: Effects Of Harvesting Non-standard Woody Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stumps can also serve as refuges for drought-sensitive bryophytes during the clearcut phase and may allow bryophytes and lichens to escape the competition from the plants that dominate the ground vegetation on clearcuts. Furthermore, a species-rich flora of lichens is found on stumps , Caruso & Rudolphi 2009). Yet, other stress factors than stump harvesting will probably be more important for the persis-tence of these species; most of them may survive locally on stumpharvested clearcuts because they are also capable of using other types of substrates and microhabitats.…”

Section: Stump Harvestingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Increased biomass harvesting for bioenergy

Framstad¹,

Berglund²,

Gundersen³

et al. 2009

TemaNord

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Increased biomass harvesting for bioenergy Nordic co-operationNordic cooperation is one of the world's most extensive forms of regional collaboration, involving Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and three autonomous areas: the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Åland.Nordic cooperation has firm traditions in politics, the economy, and culture. It plays an important role in European and international collaboration, and aims at creating a strong Nordic community in a strong Europe.Nordic cooperation seeks to safeguard Nordic and regional interests and principles in the global community. The current supply of renewable bioenergy in Finland, Norway, and Sweden is equivalent to 83 TWh, 15 TWh, and 104 TWh, respectively, of which more than 90% comes from the forest sector. Assessments for total supplies of bioenergy by 2020 vary but are in the order of 126 TWh, 34 TWh, and 151 TWh for Finland, Norway and Sweden, respectively. Many biomass harvesting options exist but they are not all equally likely in the Nordic countries. Based on various public recommendations and the current debate on the use of biomass, the following options need to be considered from forests, farmland and mires and wetlands. Increased harvesting of logging residues, stumps, trees from tending and thinning of young forest, and non-standard wood from current logging areas, especially from forestry districts near roads and facilities for effective use of the biomass resources (e.g., heating plants, industrial facilities).  Increased intensity of forest cultivation activities, such as building of forest roads, soil preparation, nitrogen fertilization, planting, various thinning regimes, use of high-yield varieties or species, and shorter rotation time, on current logging areas.  Increased harvesting of woody residues from clearing of power line corridors and along roads where effective transportation to facilities for use of the biomass is possible.  Increased harvesting from currently non-commercial forest as well as increased afforestation may be relevant under suitable economical constraints, especially in Norway.  Increased cultivation of energy crops on arable land, such as grains, oilseed crops, and grasses, primarily in Finland and Sweden. Increased biomass harvesting for bioenergy 10 Increased short rotation forestry with willows and poplars on farmland, primarily in Finland and Sweden.  Increased harvesting of wood resources from marginal agricultural land, field edges etc, to a limited extent where the biomass can be exploited locally.  Biomass harvesting from mires and wetlands may primarily be in the form of harvesting of Sphagnum and canary reed grass on former peat mining areas and harvesting reed in shallow water bodies, mainly in Finland.The following biomass harvesting measures will in most cases be acceptable or have only minor negative effects: Harvesting of logging residues, including trees from tending of young forest and thinning, seems to be among the more acceptable forms of biomass harvesting. It will probably ha...

show abstract

Influence of substrate age and quality on species diversity of lichens and bryophytes on stumps

Cited by 51 publications

References 23 publications

Logs and stumps in clearcuts support similar saproxylic beetle diversity: implications for bioenergy harvest

Logs and stumps in clearcuts support similar saproxylic beetle diversity: implications for bioenergy harvest

Retention forestry and intensified biomass harvest: epiphytic lichen assemblages under opposing ecological effects in pine-dominated boreal forests

Increased biomass harvesting for bioenergy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About