Influence of Sleeve Gastrectomy on Several Experimental Models of Obesity: Metabolic and Hormonal Implications

Abstract

Sleeve gastrectomy is a very good option for exogenous obesity. Normalization of hormonal levels led us to find an extragastric ghrelin production.

The First International Consensus Summit for Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG), New York City, October 25–27, 2007

“…Ghrelin is a hormone that increases in the bloodstream before meals, increasing appetite. In the SG, resection of the fundus removes the major site of ghrelin release [31][32][33]. This 29-amino-acid peptide also stimulates gastric emptying.…”

“…4. Is SG indicated as a primary procedure for BMI [30][31][32][33][34][35]? Thirty-one percent completely agreed, 19% somewhat agreed, 11% had no opinion, 17% somewhat disagreed, and 22% completely disagreed.…”

Sleeve Gastrectomy Provides a Better Control of Diabetes by Decreasing Ghrelin in the Diabetic Goto–Kakizaki Rats

“…Inhalation anesthesia with 2% isoflurane and air/oxygen was used during the surgery. SG surgery was performed as described by de Bona Castelan J, et al 10,11,25 First, a 4-cm mid-laparotomy was made, and the structures were identified. Gastric omentum was dissociated to disclose gastric cardium.…”

“…It is reported that the SG and duodenal jejunal bypass (DJB) for the treatment of diabetes type 2 in patients are effective treatments for diabetes [10][11][12] and restore normal concentrations of plasma glucose, insulin, and glycosylated hemoglobin in 80% to 100% of patients. 8,13,14 Furthermore, it was also demonstrated that other bariatric operations may result in significant clinical improvement in Type 2 diabetes.…”

The Changes of Pro-opiomelanocortin Neurons in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Rats After Ileal Transposition: The Role of POMC Neurons

“…4,5 Interestingly, bariatric surgeries were shown to be an effective means of resolving obesity and comorbidities, like type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). [6][7][8] Because normal plasma glucose after bariatric surgery often occurred long before significant weight loss, 5,9 the control of T2DM seemed to be independent and not secondary to the loss of weight. As a bariatric surgery, ileal transposition (IT) also treated diabetes effectively.…”