Influence of processing parameters on the fabrication of a Cu-Al-Ni-Mn shape-memory alloy by selective laser melting

Gustmann, Tobias; Neves, A.M.; Kühn, U.; Gargarella, Piter; Kiminami, Cláudio Shyinti; Bolfarini, Claudemiro; Eckert, J.; Pauly, S.

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2016.04.003

Cited by 80 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…It was observed that for the samples cut along the x-y plane (along the scan direction), the pores were mainly concentrated at the boundary of the "island" which was employed as the scan strategy during SLM in this study ( Figure 5). In other words, the pores were located at the overlapping area between two "islands", similar to the work carried out by Gustmann et al [30]. Interestingly, aligned pores appeared regularly along the build direction for the samples cut along the x-z and y-z planes ( Figure 6).…”

Section: Microstructuresupporting

confidence: 70%

Investigation on Porosity and Microhardness of 316L Stainless Steel Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting

Yusuf

Chen

Boardman

et al. 2017

Metals

145

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This study investigates the porosity and microhardness of 316L stainless steel samples fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM). The porosity content was measured using the Archimedes method and the advanced X-ray computed tomography (XCT) scan. High densification level (≥99%) with a low average porosity content (~0.82%) were obtained from the Archimedes method. The highest porosity content in the XCT-scanned sample was~0.61. However, the pores in the SLM samples for both cases (optical microscopy and XCT) were not uniformly distributed. The higher average microhardness values in the SLM samples compared to the wrought manufactured counterpart are attributed to the fine microstructures from the localised melting and rapid solidification rate of the SLM process.

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Section: Microstructuresupporting

confidence: 70%

Investigation on Porosity and Microhardness of 316L Stainless Steel Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting

Yusuf

Chen

Boardman

et al. 2017

Metals

145

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“…These micrographs show that decreasing the laser scanning speed, a larger penetration depth is observed as a result of the larger energy input. Similar behavior was observed for tracks prepared with other laser powers: 400, 600 and 800 W. The energy input, E L , is calculated using equation 12 :…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 54%

Laser Cladding of Fe-based Metallic Glass/MoS2 Self-lubricating Composites: Effect of Power and Scanning Speed

Giroto

Gargarella

Riva³

et al. 2018

Mat. Res.

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MoS 2 powder has been used to form "self-lubricating" composite coatings, which are very useful to increase the lifetime of machines where liquid lubricants cannot be used. In this work, amorphous overspray powder of Fe 60 Cr 8 Nb 8 B 24 (at%) alloy was mixed with 5wt.% MoS 2 powder and it was used to produce single tracks on AISI 1020 steel substrates by laser cladding. The tracks were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Vickers microhardness. It was observed α-Fe, an Nb-rich intermetallic and MoS 2 particles in the tracks, regardless of laser parameter used. DSC analyses proved the presence of amorphous phase for samples produced with parameters 200W/33.3mm/s, 600W/100mm/s, 800W/100mm/s and 800W/150mm/s. The tracks produced with larger power (800W) and higher scanning speeds (100 and 150mm/s) exhibited a better integrity and homogeneity, lower dilution and presence of amorphous phase, being these parameters considered the most appropriate to produce composite coatings of Fe 60 Cr 8 Nb 8 B 24 (at%)/5wt% MoS 2 containing amorphous phase. Hardness tests showed that the single tracks produced are harder than the substrate, for example, the track produced with 800W/150mm/s exhibits hardness six times higher than the steel substrate, 1200 HV 0.3 and 200 HV 0.3 , respectively.

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“…Additional experimental work shows that the energy density needs to be lower when highly volatile materials are added to the composition. In the case of SMA alloys based on Cu-Al-Ni-Mn, the range of energy density applied was from 36.67 to 49.55 J/mm 3 [43] due to the high volatility of Mn. Based on the examined process parameters and energy densities of the mentioned studies [41,42], the objective of our DOE was to explore a combination of process parameters that can minimize the change in the chemical composition and especially to avoid the evaporation of manganese, which is a common problem when Ni-Mn-Ga is manufactured or annealed due to the relatively high vapor pressure of manganese in comparison to that of nickel and gallium [44].…”

Section: Design Of Experiments For the Pbfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of process parameters on non-modulated Ni-Mn-Ga alloy manufactured using powder bed fusion

Nilsén

Ituarte

Salmi

et al. 2019

Additive Manufacturing

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Increasingly, metal parts made by additive manufacturing are produced using powder bed fusion (PBF). In this paper we report upon the combined effects of PBF parameters, including power and scan speed, in layer-by-layer manufacturing of gas atomized non-modulated (NM) Ni-Mn-Ga alloy. The effects of process parameters upon PBF is studied by applying nine different parameter sets in the as-printed state and after homogenization and ordering. The chemical composition of the samples is analyzed using EDX attached to an SEM, and the crystal structures are determined by X-ray diffraction. The phase transformation temperatures are measured using a low-field ac susceptibility measurement system and the magnetic properties are measured with a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Before the heat-treatment, all as-printed samples showed paramagnetic behavior with low magnetization and no phase transformations could be observed in the susceptibility measurements. After annealing, the samples recovered the ferromagnetic behavior with comparable magnetization to annealed gas atomized powder. The as-printed samples were composed of a mixture of different crystal structures. However, after annealing the original NM structure with a = b = 5.47 Å and c = 6.66 Å with a c/a-ratio of 1.22 was recovered and crystallographic twins could be observed in an SEM.

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Influence of processing parameters on the fabrication of a Cu-Al-Ni-Mn shape-memory alloy by selective laser melting

Cited by 80 publications

References 33 publications

Investigation on Porosity and Microhardness of 316L Stainless Steel Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting

Investigation on Porosity and Microhardness of 316L Stainless Steel Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting

Laser Cladding of Fe-based Metallic Glass/MoS2 Self-lubricating Composites: Effect of Power and Scanning Speed

Effect of process parameters on non-modulated Ni-Mn-Ga alloy manufactured using powder bed fusion

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