Influence of Polishing System on the Surface Roughness of Flowable and Regular-Viscosity Bulk Fill Composites

Rigo, Lindiane Cogo; Bordin, Dimorvan; Fardin, Vinícius P.; Coelho, Paulo G.; Bromage, Timothy G.; Reis, André Figueiredo; Hirata, Ronaldo

doi:10.11607/prd.3033

Cited by 20 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In the current study, bulk‐fill composites showed greater surface roughness values when compared with NRBCs in all groups. Previous studies have reported two to sevenfold greater surface roughness for bulk‐fill composites compared with NRBCs, which lend support our findings (Lassila, Dupont, Lahtinen, Vallittu, & Garoushi, 2020; O'Neill et al, 2018; Rigo et al, 2018; Theobaldo et al, 2020). Increasing filler particle size to increase translucency of the bulk‐fill composites to achieve application of the composite as a single layer of 4 mm may result in increased surface roughness (Bucuta & Ilie, 2014; Fronza et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Some studies have reported that surface roughness of composites is more closely related to the material composition than the polishing system used and that a particular polishing system may not perform equally with all composite resins (Rigo et al, 2018; St‐Pierre et al, 2019). Filler particles are one of the many factors affecting the properties of composite resins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of different polishing systems on the surface roughness of various bulk‐fill and nano‐filled resin‐based composites: An atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy study

Kılıç

Gök

2021

Microscopy Res & Technique

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The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of different polishing systems on the surface roughness of various bulk‐fill and nano‐filled resin‐based composites using different methods. For the study, a total of 192 disc‐shaped samples (10‐mm wide and 2‐mm thick) were prepared from four different bulk‐fill composites (Filtek Bulk Fill, X‐tra fil, Beautifil‐Bulk Restorative and Fill Up) and two nano‐filled resin‐based composites (Ceram.x SphereTEC and Filtek Z550). The samples in each composite group were divided into four subgroups according to the polishing system to be used (n = 8). Four different polishing systems (Sof‐Lex Diamond, Clearfil Twist Dia, HiLuster Plus, OptiDisc) were applied. Then, surface roughness measurements were carried out using a contact‐type profilometer. One sample from each group was subjected to atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) examinations. Surface roughness (Ra) values were statistically analyzed in terms of composites and polishing systems using the two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and comparisons among groups were performed using the Tukey test (α = .05). Surface roughness values differed significantly in relation to the composite and polishing system used (p < .05). Among all composites, the lowest surface roughness values were obtained in the groups treated with the OptiDisc polishing system (except Beautifil‐Bulk Restorative), whereas the highest roughness values were observed in the group polished with Clearfil Twist Dia (except Filtek Z550). X‐tra fil showed the highest roughness value with all polishing systems tested. The findings of AFM analyses were consistent with profilometric measurements. The nano‐filled resin‐based composites showed smoother surface than bulk‐fill composites and the type of the polishing systems was found to affect surface roughness.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of different polishing systems on the surface roughness of various bulk‐fill and nano‐filled resin‐based composites: An atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy study

Kılıç

Gök

2021

Microscopy Res & Technique

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“…After each cup used, air/water jets were applied 10 s apart at a distance of 10 cm to remove debris left by the abrasives and the specimen was then air‐dried for 5 s (Adapted from Magdy, Kola, Algahtani, & Algahtani, ). The specimens that were submitted to the additional polishing were previously given the finishing and polishing described above, added to the use of the Astrobrush, with circular movements in each specimen, with low speed (10,000 rpm) for 15 s each (Rigo et al, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of additional polishing method on physical, micromorphological, and microtopographical properties of conventional composites and bulk fill

Costa

Melo

Assunção

et al. 2019

Microscopy Res & Technique

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the surface roughness (SR), contact angle (CA), depth distribution of the charge particles (DDCP), mapping of chemical elements, 3D microtopography (3DM), and the micromorphology of the composites (MOR) of conventional and bulk fill after additional polishing. The specimens were prepared from Filtek Bulk Fill (FBF), Tetric N‐Ceram Bulk Fill (TNCBF), Opus Bulk Fill (OBF), X‐tra Fil (XTFL), Filtek Z250 XT (XT), Grandioso (GRA), Tetric N‐Ceram (TNC), Vittra APS (VT), according to three additional techniques (n = 10): without finishing and polishing, finishing and polishing with abrasive rubbers (Astropol), finishing and polishing with Astropol plus additional polishing with silicon carbide brush. The SR and CA were measured using a profilometer and adapted goniometer, respectively; 3DM used atomic force microscopy (AFM); the micromorphology and DDCP by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the MOR by means of X‐ray dispersive energy spectroscopy (EDS). The SR and CA were analyzed by ANOVA‐two factors and Tukey test (p < .05); the others data were analyzed descriptively. The DDCP of all the resins had an organic matrix rich surface layer and a particulate rich subsurface layer of smaller dimensions. Additional polishing: reduced SR of FBF, VT, TNCBF, and XTFL resins; increased the CA value of the XTFL and decreased of XT. In the analyzes for 3DM, smoother and more uniform surfaces were observed in all a resins. The elements: carbon (predominant), oxygen, silicon, zirconia, and aluminum were present in all composite resins. Therefore, additional polishing improved the surface properties of the resins studied.

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“…Filtek™ Bulk Fill and Filtek™ Z250 have higher filler loading (58.4% and 60%, respectively), compared to Fill-Up™ (49%), which also correlates with lower surface roughness values. According to previous studies, the surface roughness is lowered by decreasing the filler size and increasing the overall filler content [ 30 , 31 ]. Filtek™ Bulk Fill can match the traditional, incremental-fill Filtek™ Z250 in surface roughness values, as no differences were found in the estimated means pooled from the different polishing procedures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Filtek™ Bulk Fill can match the traditional, incremental-fill Filtek™ Z250 in surface roughness values, as no differences were found in the estimated means pooled from the different polishing procedures. Bulk-fill composites feature changes in their organic matrix, filler content, and/or size [ 30 , 32 ]. Usually, manufacturers increase the depth of cure by enhancing the material’s translucency.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Varying the Polishing Protocol Influences the Color Stability and Surface Roughness of Bulk-Fill Resin-Based Composites

Freitas

Melo

Delgado

et al. 2020

JFB

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Surface properties of composites such as roughness and color impact periodontal health and aesthetic outcomes. Novel bulk-fill composites with improved functionality are being introduced and, in light of the existing variety of finishing/polishing procedures, research of their surface properties is warranted. Sixty discs were prepared from bulk-fill composites (Filtek™ Bulk Fill Posterior Restorative and Fill-Up™) and incremental-fill Filtek™ Z250. They were further divided according to different polishing procedures (n = 5): three multi-step polishing procedures or finishing with a bur (control). Surface roughness (Ra) was measured using an atomic force microscope (The AFM Workshop TT-AFM). A spectrophotometer (Spectroshade Micro Optic) was used to determine color stability, after exposure to a coffee solution. Data were analyzed using two-way MANOVA (significance level of 5%). Resin composite type, polishing procedure, and their interaction had a statistically significant effect on surface roughness (p < 0.001) and color change (p < 0.001). Fill-Up™ exhibited the highest surface roughness and greatest color change. Differences in color change were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Filtek™ Bulk Fill registered the lowest surface roughness and color change, after the three-step polishing procedure. Both parameters were significantly correlated (ρ = 0.754, p < 0.001) and found to be material dependent and polishing-procedure dependent. Higher surface roughness relates to greater color changes.

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Influence of Polishing System on the Surface Roughness of Flowable and Regular-Viscosity Bulk Fill Composites

Cited by 20 publications

References 24 publications

Effect of different polishing systems on the surface roughness of various bulk‐fill and nano‐filled resin‐based composites: An atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy study

Effect of different polishing systems on the surface roughness of various bulk‐fill and nano‐filled resin‐based composites: An atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy study

Impact of additional polishing method on physical, micromorphological, and microtopographical properties of conventional composites and bulk fill

Varying the Polishing Protocol Influences the Color Stability and Surface Roughness of Bulk-Fill Resin-Based Composites

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