Influence of oxidation state of phosphorus on the thermal and flammability of polyurea and epoxy resin

Mariappan, Thirumal; Zhou, You; Hao, Jianwei; Wilkie, Charles A.

doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.06.009

Cited by 75 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…10. Observed peaks at 3200e3600, 3035, 2840e2987, 1603, 1508, 1458, 1225, 1174, 1028 and 827 cm À1 are the characteristic absorptions of EP [36,38]. The band at 3200e3600 cm À1 slightly decreased at 350 C, which can be explained by the release of water and the early decomposition of the secondary hydroxyl from the skeleton of EP.…”

Section: Non-volatile Products Of Ep and The Ep/bp Compositesmentioning

confidence: 76%

Catalytic pyrolysis and flame retardancy of epoxy resins with solid acid boron phosphate

Zhou

Feng

Peng

et al. 2014

Polymer Degradation and Stability

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Section: Non-volatile Products Of Ep and The Ep/bp Compositesmentioning

confidence: 76%

Catalytic pyrolysis and flame retardancy of epoxy resins with solid acid boron phosphate

Zhou

Feng

Peng

et al. 2014

Polymer Degradation and Stability

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“…[1][2][3] Bifunctional diglycidyl ester of bisphenol A (DGEBA) based epoxy resins, are often utilized for semiconductor encapsulation in EE applications. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Generally, phosphorous containing flame retardants (P-FRs) are always regarded as one of the best choices to reduce flammability of epoxy resin since lots of halogenated flame retardants (H-FRs) are forbidden owing to their serious hazards for environment and human. Nevertheless, the intrinsic flammability of DGEBA/DDS is one of challenges for their products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of halogen-free flame retardant with varied phosphorus chemical surrounding on the properties of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A type epoxy resin: synthesis, fire behaviour, flame-retardant mechanism and mechanical properties

et al. 2016

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This work aimed to investigate the effect of two types of phosphorus-containing flame retardants (P-FRs) with different chemical surroundings (phenylphosphonate-based (PO-Ph) and phenylphosphoric-based (PO-OPh)) on the flameretardant efficiency for diglycidyl ester of bisphenol-A type epoxy (EP) resin. The two series of P-FRs which were named as FPx and FPOx (x=1, 2 and 3), respectively, showed reactivity with epoxy group that was examined by differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) and variable temperatures FTIR spectrum (VT-FTIR). A comparative study between the FPx and FPOx (x=1, 2 and 3) contaning flame-retardamt epoxy was carried out via investigating their flammability, thermal stability and mechanical properties. The most significant difference on flame retardancy between them was that FPx (x=1, 2 and 3) endowed EP with V-0 rating in UL 94 test at 5 wt% loading, while FPOx (x=1, 2 and 3) showed no rating at such loading. Importantly, it is found that there was almost 10 times difference in the flame-retardant efficiency for epoxy resin between FPx and FPOx, though they had similar chemically molecular structures. Moreover, TGA-FTIR and TGA-MS coupling techniques (TGA, thermalgravimetric analysis; MS, mass spectroscopy) were employed to study the thermal decomposition of FP1 and FPO1; the impacts of FP1 and FPO1 on the thermal decomposition of EP were studied by TGA-FTIR as well. Furthermore, an online temperature detection experiment was designed to collect the temperatures by thermocouple and infrared thermometers, respectively in the UL 94 test. Based on the above results, the flame-retardant mechanisms of FP1 and FPO1 in EP were discussed. In addition, the impact of P-FRs on mechanical properties of EP was studied by means of tensile test and dynamic mechanical analysis .

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“…However, their incorporation was also found to decrease the glass transition temperature (T g ), initial degradation temperature and mechanical properties of epoxy resins because of a large additive amount of flame retardant. [11][12][13][14] Thereby, how to overcome these bottlenecks is a very critical issue for obtaining halogen-free flame retardant epoxy materials with high performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intumescent flame retardancy of a DGEBA epoxy resin based on 5,10-dihydro-phenophosphazine-10-oxide

et al. 2015

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5,10-Dihydro-phenophosphazine-10-oxide(DPPA) served as a co-curing agent of 4, 4'-diaminodiphenylmethane for the curing reaction of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (DGEBA) epoxy resin (EP). 1 H NHR spectrum tracking the reaction process of DPPA with DGEBA revealed that P-H bond of DPPA had the higher reactivity than its N-H bond for reacting with epoxy group. DPPA could promote the curing reaction of DDM with DGEBA. DPPA endowed epoxy resin with high flameretardant efficiency due to the unique combination of phosphorus and nitrogen in the phenophosphazine ring. The cured epoxy resin could pass V-0 rating of UL-94 test with limiting oxgen index (LOI) of 33.6% at only 2.5 wt% DPPA. The reduced peak heat release rate and total heat release, and increased char yield further verified the excellent flame retardancy for EP. Flame-retardant mechanism of the epoxy resin was investigated by thermogravimetry-fourier transform infrared spectrometry (TG-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy, element analysis and FTIR spectrometry. The results indicated that DPPA catalyzed epoxy resin matrix to form the rigid intumescent char and to generate the blowing-out effect.

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Influence of oxidation state of phosphorus on the thermal and flammability of polyurea and epoxy resin

Cited by 75 publications

References 17 publications

Catalytic pyrolysis and flame retardancy of epoxy resins with solid acid boron phosphate

Catalytic pyrolysis and flame retardancy of epoxy resins with solid acid boron phosphate

Impact of halogen-free flame retardant with varied phosphorus chemical surrounding on the properties of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A type epoxy resin: synthesis, fire behaviour, flame-retardant mechanism and mechanical properties

Intumescent flame retardancy of a DGEBA epoxy resin based on 5,10-dihydro-phenophosphazine-10-oxide

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