Influence of Oral Anaerobic Bacteria on Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Patients: Oral Mucositis and General Condition

Abstract

To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first which shows that anaerobic bacteria were identified in patients' oral flora before and after HSCT by using a mass spectrometer. These results indicate that Enterococcus species and Candida species may have been associated with OM. OM affected the patients' improvement in nutritional status and their prognosis. We concluded that it is important to provide more complete oral care instructions and interventions to prevent these bacterial infections.

Microbial changes in relation to oral mucositis in autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients

“…Osakabe et al . recently also found an association between Enterococcus spp and oral mucositis in SCT patients 22 . Moreover, Staphylococcus spp were cultured during episodes of bacteremia in SCT recipients with oral mucositis 57,58 .…”

“…So far, the dynamics of specific bacterial and fungal species in relation to oral mucosa after SCT has been addressed using either culturing or PCR-based approaches using mostly cross-sectional study designs 3,22,23,27,41 . The only published study assessing oral bacterial profiles using state of the art, open end techniques in comparable way to our study, used a different study population – active disease nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients, all receiving radiotherapy, with or without additional chemotherapy 20 .…”

“…Dysbiosis of the microbiome is reported following anticancer agents and coinciding with clinical manifestations of mucositis 16–21 . Some studies report differences in the microbiome in mucositis and non-mucositis patients 3,20,22,23 . Mechanistically, it is suggested that the microbiome influences mucositis by acting on the immune response via TLR 21 , NFκB, or mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling 17 .…”

“…For instance, microorganisms that are traditionally associated with periodontitis, e.g. Porphyromonas gingivalis 3 , but also Enterococcus species 22 and Candida species are associated with oral mucositis after SCT 3,22,23 .…”

The Dysbiosis and Inter-Kingdom Synergy Model in Oropharyngeal Candidiasis, a New Perspective in Pathogenesis

“…However, the oral carriage rate of Enterococcus species (predominantly E. faecalis) in chemotherapy patients or HIV positive patients rises to 82% [58][59][60]. In particular, in chemotherapy patients both Candida and E. faecalis abundance increase over time and may place individuals at higher risk for mucosal pathology [61]. These are also some of the most high-risk populations for oropharyngeal candidiasis.…”