Influence of morphine sulfate on the halothane sparing effect of xylazine hydrochloride in horses

Abstract

Administration of xylazine decreases the anesthetic requirement for halothane in horses. Concurrent morphine administration to anesthetized horses does not alter the anesthetic sparing effect of xylazine or its plasma concentration-time profile.

Effects of a constant‐rate infusion of dexmedetomidine on the minimal alveolar concentration of sevoflurane in ponies

“…In most studies, only gross, purposeful movements induced by a stimulus are accepted as positive responses [21,27]. In the present experiment, nystagmus and physiological parameter modifications, such as increases in heart rate and arterial blood pressure, were not considered as positive reactions, but in contrast with most MAC studies, swallowing, muscle tremors and any movements of the head, limbs, ears or tail were all considered as positive responses.…”

The effects of morphine on the recovery of horses from halothane anaesthesia

“…(1991) assessed recoveries subjectively and reported no difference between horses that received butorphanol 0.05 mg kg −1 , morphine 0.02 mg kg −1 or morphine 0.05 mg kg −1 , although it is likely that these doses were too low to have any clinical effect. Bennett et al. (2004) reported no difference in recovery times, or clinically relevant outcomes in horses anaesthetized with halothane, xylazine and either morphine 0.1 mg kg −1 or morphine 0.2 mg kg −1 .…”

Effects of a constant rate infusion of detomidine on cardiovascular function, isoflurane requirements and recovery quality in horses

“…Several α 2 ‐agonists have been administered during inhalation anaesthesia in horses, either as a bolus or constant rate infusion (CRI). A bolus of xylazine significantly reduced the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of halothane (Bennett et al. 2004) and isoflurane (Steffey et al.…”