Influence of membrane support layer hydrophobicity on water flux in osmotically driven membrane processes

McCutcheon, Jeffrey R.; Elimelech, Menachem

doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2008.03.021

Cited by 421 publications

(255 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Prior to membrane testing, it is important to ensure that the membrane's porous support layer is fully saturated with water [16,48]. This step is particularly important when testing TFC membranes that are less hydrophilic and might not be easily wetted upon exposure to water.…”

Section: Alcohol Soaking Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standard Methodology for Evaluating Membrane Performance in Osmotically Driven Membrane Processes

et al. 2013

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Osmotically driven membrane processes (ODMPs) such as forward osmosis (FO) and pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) are extensively investigated for utilization in a broad range of applications. In ODMPs, the operating conditions and membrane properties play more critical roles in mass transport and process performance than in pressure-driven membrane processes. Search of the literature reveals that ODMP membranes, especially newly developed ones, are tested under different temperatures, draw solution compositions and concentrations, flow rates, and pressures. In order to compare different membranes, it is important to develop standard protocols for testing of membranes for ODMPs. In this article we present a standard methodology for testing of ODMP membranes based on experience gained and operating conditions used in FO and PRO studies in recent years. A round-robin testing of two commercial membranes in seven independent laboratories revealed that water flux and membrane permeability coefficients were similar when participants performed the experiments and calculations using the same protocols. The thin film composite polyamide membrane exhibited higher water and salt permeability than the asymmetric cellulosebased membrane, but results with the high permeability thin-film composite membrane were more scattered. While salt rejection results in RO mode were relatively similar, salt permeability coefficients for both membranes in FO mode were more varied. Results suggest that high permeability ODMP membranes should be tested at lower hydraulic pressure in RO mode and that RO testing be conducted with the same membrane sample used for testing in FO mode. AbstractOsmotically driven membrane processes (ODMP) such as forward osmosis (FO) and pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) are extensively investigated for utilization in a broad range of applications. In ODMPs, the operating conditions and membrane properties play more critical roles in mass transport and process performance than in pressure-driven membrane processes.Search of the literature reveals that ODMP membranes, especially newly developed ones, are tested under different temperatures, draw solution compositions and concentrations, flowrates, and pressures. In order to compare different membranes, it is important to develop standard protocols for testing of membranes for ODMP. In this article we present a standard methodology for testing of ODMP membranes based on experience gained and operating conditions used in FO and PRO studies in recent years. A round-robin testing of two commercial membranes in seven independent laboratories revealed that water flux and membrane permeability coefficients were similar when participants performed the experiments and calculations using the same protocols. The thin film composite polyamide membrane exhibited higher water and salt permeability than the asymmetric cellulose-based membrane, but results with the high permeability thin-film composite membrane were more scattered. While salt rejection results in RO mode were...

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Section: Alcohol Soaking Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standard Methodology for Evaluating Membrane Performance in Osmotically Driven Membrane Processes

et al. 2013

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“…Adhesion energies were calculated by integrating the adhesion forces with the separation distances using the trapezoidal rule as described elsewhere [22]. Nevertheless, a statistical approach was necessary to draw a A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 10 comprehensive picture on NOM/membrane interactions due to the physical/chemical heterogeneity of membrane surface and NOM isolates [23,24]. Consequently, one single force profile could not be considered as representative of NOM/membranes interactions.…”

Section: Interaction Force Measurement and Data Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chemical heterogeneities on the active layer, attributed to the interfacial polymerization manufacturing process, have been widely studied [24,35]. For instance, the functional groups present on the active layer (i.e., producing pH dependent charges) are the result of incomplete polymerization and cross-linking [36,37].…”

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Natural organic matter interactions with polyamide and polysulfone membranes: Formation of conditioning film

Gutierrez

Aubry²,

Linares

et al. 2015

Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspect

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Please cite this article as: L. Gutierrez, C. Aubry, R. Valladares, J.-P. Croue, Natural organic matter interactions with polyamide and polysulfone membranes: formation of conditioning film, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects (2015), http://dx.doi.org/10. 1016/j.colsurfa.2015.03.031 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

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“…From a practical point of view, it remains crucial to understand the mechanical integrity of CTF membranes and the design of supporting substrates under the large hydraulic pressures of RO desalination processes. 31 In particular, we model the mechanical integrity of CTF--1 membranes against applied hydraulic RO pressure using the approach recently employed by Cohen--Tanugi et al 32 MD simulations were used to estimate the intrinsic mechanical properties of CTF membranes including fracture stress, Young's modulus, and Poisson's ratio, whereas continuum fracture mechanics was used to determine the stress experienced by the CTF--1 membrane as a function of substrate pore radius at a macroscopic scale. In the MD simulations, we used reactive force fields (ReaxFF) with parameters from two different sets (i.e., Budzien et al and Strachan et al) 33,34 to describe the chemical bonding of the CTF--1 framework.…”

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Two-dimensional covalent triazine framework as an ultrathin-film nanoporous membrane for desalination

2015

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We computationally demonstrate that two--dimensional covalent traizine frameworks (CTFs) provide opportunties in water desalination. By varying the chemical building blocks, the pore structure, chemistry, and membrane performance can be designed, leading to two orders of mangnutide higher water permeability than polyamide membranes while maintaining excellent ability to reject salts.Water scarcity is one of the most prominent challenges in modern society. 1,2 Due to the rapid growth of the world population and the accelerated industrialization of developing countries, fresh water has become increasingly scarce. Although 75% of the earth's surface is covered with water, more than 97% of it is seawater that cannot be used directly. Much of the remaining fresh water is locked in glaciers and snowfields, leaving less than 1% of the world's water available for human consumption. Despite the vast availability of seawater, the production of fresh water using processes that separate salt ions from saline water (i.e., desalination) remains negligible (less than 1%) when compared to global demand, primarily due to high costs and large energy consumption. 3 To facilitate clean water production via desalination, much recent attention has been given to improving the cost--effectiveness and energy--efficiency of reverse osmosis (RO) desalination processes, which account for roughly two thirds of installed capacity. In particular, new membranes with enhanced water permeability compared to currently available polyamide--based membranes may have an important role to play in lowering energy consumption. 4 Several nanostructured materials have been previously investigated as promising membrane candidates such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) 5,6,7 and zeolites 8,9 . Despite CNTs' high water permeability, 5 membranes based on CNTs exhibit poor salt rejection, and it remains challenging to fabricate membranes with dense, well--aligned nanotubes. 6,7 Zeolite membranes, on the other hand, possess three--dimensional networks that can effectively reject salt ions 8 but show relatively low water permeability. 9 Recently, nanoporous one--atom--thick graphene, the thinnest possible membrane made from matter, has drawn considerable attention and been shown computationally to provide significantly enhanced permeability compared to polyamide while maintaining excellent ability to reject salt. 10 Moreover, recent work of Surwade et al. has further experimentally realized such single--layered nanoporous graphene membranes and demonstrated their potential in desalination at the lab scale. 11 However, the production of nanoporous graphene membranes with perfectly sized nanopores still remains a great challenge. Moreover, to allow unprecedentedly high water fluxes, it is of great importance to achieve a pore density as high as possible while preventing pores from overlapping, a goal best achieved with a well--ordered pore structure. Seeking membranes with naturally ordered pores of an ideal size presents an important alternative to nanoporous graphene m...

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Influence of membrane support layer hydrophobicity on water flux in osmotically driven membrane processes

Cited by 421 publications

References 21 publications

Standard Methodology for Evaluating Membrane Performance in Osmotically Driven Membrane Processes

Standard Methodology for Evaluating Membrane Performance in Osmotically Driven Membrane Processes

Natural organic matter interactions with polyamide and polysulfone membranes: Formation of conditioning film

Two-dimensional covalent triazine framework as an ultrathin-film nanoporous membrane for desalination

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