Influence of Grinding, Rolling, and Pelleting on the Nutritional Value of Grain Sorghums and Yellow Corn for Broilers ,

Efeito da granulometria do milho e do farelo de soja sobre o desempenho de codornas japonesas

“…DOUGLAS et al (1990) observaram maior ganho de peso e melhor conversão alimentar para frangos de corte (1 a 21 dias de idade), que receberam rações elaboradas com milho ou sorgo com partículas de DGM próximos a 850 mm quando comparados com DGM de 1600 mm. Resultados semelhantes foram obtidos por NIR et al (1994a), processando grãos de milho, sorgo e trigo em tamanhos de partículas com DGM de 600, 1200 e 2050 mm, onde os melhores resultados, em frangos de corte, foram obtidos com rações de DGM entre 1200 e 2050 mm.…”

Influence of particle size of the cereal of the diet on egg production, egg quality, and the development of the gastrointestinal tract of brown-egg laying hens

“…These results confirm that the structure of the feed depends not only on the size of the sieve but also on the main cereal of the diet, consistent with data of Douglas et al (1990) and Nir et al (1995).…”

“…Also, roller mills are more efficient and require less energy for grinding than the hammer mill. Other differences among mills, are that the undersized grains may escape the grinding process in the roller mill (Douglas et al, 1990) and that the shape of the particles produced is more irregular, being cubic or rectangular compared to those from a hammer mill, which tend to be spherical with more uniform shape (Reece et al, 1985;Koch, 1996). Hammer mill equipment however, are cheaper, easier to handle, and have lower maintenance cost than roller mill equipment, which favours its use by the feed compound industry (Koch, 1996;Amerah et al, 2007;Pérez-Bonilla et al, 2014).…”

“…Moreover, coarse grinding reduces feed uniformity and might induce a preference of the hens for coarse particles, resulting in the consumption of unbalanced diets and a reduction in feed efficiency (Davis et al, 1951;Nir et al, 1994a). In this respect, mash diets based on cereals with different physico-chemical characteristics might result in feeds with different particle size distribution and GMD, even when ground using the same screen size (Douglas et al, 1990;Nir et al, 1995;Jiménez-Moreno et al, 2009c;Perez-Bonilla et al, 2014). All these contrasting effects might counteract each other and the final outcome might depend on other uncontrolled variables, such as age of the bird, management practices, and nutritional characteristics of the diet (Mateos and Sell, 1980;Grobas et al, 1999a;González-Alvarado et al, 2010).…”

Feeding behaviour of broiler chickens: a review on the biomechanical characteristics

“…Thus, the increase in granulometry increases body weight at slaughter age and thus the economic feasibility (Hamilton & Proudfoot, 1995), but Parsons, et al (2006) found a drop in performance when the size is greater than 1.042μm. It has been suggested that chicks prefer the particles of 700-900 μm (Douglas et al, 1990;Nir et al, 1990;Nir et al, 1994b;Nir et al, 1995) or 600-900 μm (Amerah et al, 2007), while Portella et al, (1988), suggest a particle larger than 1180µm, and for adult birds greater than 2360µm. Nir et al (1994b) observed higher consumption in mash diets with particles of 769μm for broilers at prestarter phase (1-7 days old) when compared with GMD of 525µm and 1260µm.…”