Influence of food consumption in the glycemic profile of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Objective To review the dietary intake of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes Mellitus and its association with the glycemic profile. Methods Longitudinal observational study. Dietary intake was measured using a three-day dietary record and the glycemic profile with a continuous glucose monitoring (range between 70 and 180mg/dL) and serum glycated hemoglobin levels (ideal <7.5%). Anthropometric data, insulin therapy, and carbohydrate counting were collected. Results The sample included 34 individuals with type 1 diabetes Mellitus aged 13.6±2.1 years. The majority of the population was eutrophic (76.4%). The entire sample used the basal-bolus insulin regimen, with mean insulin dose of 1.0±0.2U/kg/day; for 44.1% of the sample the carbohydrate counting method was used. Macronutrients intake was adequate in only 8.8% of the individuals, the highest frequency of inadequacy was related to carbohydrates (p=0.07). Inadequate glycemic control with hyperglycemia episodes and high mean glycated hemoglobin (9.7%) was observed in all individuals (61.3±18.5%). Carbohydrate counting was responsible for maintaining the percentage of time that the patient had interstitial blood glucose values within the range >40% (p<0.001) and maintaining the percentage of time in hyperglycemia <50% (p<0.001). Conclusion The majority of individuals were eutrophic, but presented inadequate dietary intake and glycemic control. The method of counting carbohydrates positively influenced the glycemic profile.

The Association between Dietary Pattern, Obesity, and Glycemic Control of Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

“…Şahin Bodur et al [25] found a trend of increased HbA1c in male patients with DM1 in a study with 110 adolescents, where 5% of the total sample (84 individuals) needed improvements in diet quality. Fritz et al [35] observed higher consumption of carbohydrates and fats and lower consumption of fiber in patients with DM1 and higher HbA1c levels in 34 children and adolescents with DM1 in a Brazilian study. However, unlike the present study, previous studies found no statistically significant association between increased consumption of ultra-processed foods/quality of diet and higher HbA1c levels [8,35,36].…”

“…Fritz et al [35] observed higher consumption of carbohydrates and fats and lower consumption of fiber in patients with DM1 and higher HbA1c levels in 34 children and adolescents with DM1 in a Brazilian study. However, unlike the present study, previous studies found no statistically significant association between increased consumption of ultra-processed foods/quality of diet and higher HbA1c levels [8,35,36]. However, Rocha et al [11] identified excessive consumption of these foods in the population with DM1, and the determining factors for the choice were lower family income and lower educational level of those responsible.…”

Food Consumption and Body Composition Are Associated With Metabolic Syndrome Score in Children

“…Fritz et al 50 conducted a study with children and adolescents aged 9 to 17 years and observed that children with MS presented inadequate diet, consumed a lot of calories and were inactive compared to those without MS. The ndings of Paula, Luz and Ferreira 51 suggest that reducing the consumption of high-calorie, nutrient-poor foods and increasing the intake of ber, fruits and vegetables are important habits for the prevention of MS.…”

Vivência Do Familiar Junto Ao Adolescente Com Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1

“…A contagem de carboidratos atua como um facilitador na manutenção da glicemia estável por um maior tempo, apesar do consumo alimentar inadequado dos adolescentes (19) .…”