Influence of fast charge on the life cycle of positive lead–acid battery plates

A simple modeling study of the Ce(IV) regeneration in sulfuric acid solutions

“…As for PbO 2 anode, Pavlov and co-workers [35,36] proposed that water may react at the inter-crystalline surface of PbO 2 to form surface OH ions, according to the following reaction.…”

Influence of phosphoric acid on the grid alloys of positive plates in the lead acid battery system: A comparative study

“…Here, both the tin and phosphate ions in the alloy may improve the conductivity through the passive film to some extent. So, compared with both alloys A1 and A2, the alloy A2 (Pb-Ca-Sn) performs well [15][16][17][18][19][20][21].…”

Energy storage capacity investigation of pulsed current formed nano-structured lead dioxide

“…The structure of positive active material is composed of crystalline lead dioxide and hydrated (gel zones) PbO (OH) 2 [20,21]: 2 (1)…”

“…There are increased studies devoted to improvement of efficiency of these batteries. A major part of efforts to improve the performance of lead acid batteries has been focused on the improvement of cathode properties including capacity, life cycle, and rechargeability [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8].…”