Energy storage capacity investigation of pulsed current formed nano-structured lead dioxide

Recovery of discarded sulfated lead-acid batteries

“…As it is well known, the current or voltage of charge should be controlled at the range in which the rate of nucleation and crystal growth for active material is suitable [19]. This concept can be used to explain the effect of current or voltage amounts of inverse charge.…”

Micro-area investigation on electrochemical performance improvement with Co and Mn doping in PbO2 electrode materials

“…Actually, some researchers have stated that the most important factor determining the catalytic performance is the surface morphology of the electrode material. [8][9][10][11] It is a misconception that all tiny regions on an electrode share the same electrochemical reactivity. To solve this problem, a research method with high spatial resolution is needed to analyze the electrochemical reactivity variation on different micro-regions and further to establish the relationship between electrode performance and microscopic morphology.…”

Electrodeposited PbO2 thin film as positive electrode in PbO2/AC hybrid capacitor

“…Due to different charge/discharge mechanism, the PbO 2 electrode has higher specific capacity than that of the AC electrode, PbO 2 paste material typically used in commercial batteries is not suitable in terms of charge balance in the PbO 2 /AC hybrid cell, thus a thinner, electrodeposited PbO 2 film electrode is considered in the cell design of this work. Various electrochemical methods [13][14][15][16][17][18], including constant potential, constant current, pulsed current and cyclic voltammetry, were used to prepare PbO 2 films on various substrates, for example, PbO 2 /noble metal [13,19], and PbO 2 /Ti [20,21]. Optimization of electrodeposited PbO 2 was carried out either by controlling the deposition parameters [22], or by adding different chemicals (ions) in the deposition bath [23,24].…”