Influence of phosphoric acid on the grid alloys of positive plates in the lead acid battery system: A comparative study

Saminathan, K.; Jayaprakash, N.; Rajeswari, B.; Vasudevan, T.

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.03.004

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…2 increases with increasing the charging current, probably via the activation of O 2 evolution reaction on the expense of PbO 2 formation. The retarding effect of H 3 PO 4 on the formation of PbO 2 was reported before [51][52][53]. The almost parallel run of both Q SD and E f PbO2 in the absence and the presence of H 3 PO 4 supports the ideal that Q SD is related to the amount of PbO 2 formed in the charging process.…”

Section: Effect Of Charging Currentsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…H 3 PO 4 is claimed to reduce sulfation after deep discharge [1,[7][8][9][10], increase the life cycle [1,7,8,15], and slowing down the discharge [14] but also to decrease the capacity [11] and increase the overpotentials of both hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions [14,16,17]. Some electrochemical studies have indicated the improvement of formation of PbO 2 with addition of H 3 PO 4 [13,14] while the results of other studies supported the opposite effect [5,7,11,14,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of phosphoric acid on the performance of low antimony grid of Pb‐acid cell under constant current charging and discharging

El-Rahman¹,

Salih²,

Elwahab³

2011

Materialwissenschaft Werkst

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Effect of phosphoric acid on the performance of Pb-1.7%Sb grid of lead-acid cell is studied in 5 M H 2 SO 4 by cyclic galvanostatic polarization and impedance spectroscopy. An increase in capacitance to a maximum is recorded during the initial stages of the electro-reduction of PbO 2 into Pb(II) compounds and attributed to concurrent compositional and dimensional changes. These changes include removal of O 2 bubbles, insertion of large amounts of H 2 SO 4 and H 2 O. Efficiency of PbO 2 formation decreases, while its rate of self-discharge increases with increasing the charging current and in the presence of H 3 PO 4 . The charge capacity increases with increasing the discharging current due to the decrease in the self-discharge. The charge capacity is lower in the presence of H 3 PO 4 . On increasing the cycle number, the corrodibility of the grid increases, because more layers of the surface Pb are involved in the self-discharge. H 3 PO 4 significantly retards the effect of cycle number.

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Section: Effect Of Charging Currentsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of phosphoric acid on the performance of low antimony grid of Pb‐acid cell under constant current charging and discharging

El-Rahman¹,

Salih²,

Elwahab³

2011

Materialwissenschaft Werkst

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“…Also, antimony causes early decomposition of water and increases the self-discharge in a battery [8,9]. There are some reports about useful additives to improve cycle life and self-discharge and to increase the oxygen overpotential on the positive electrode [10][11][12]. Ionic liquids (ILs), which have been widely promoted as 'green solvents', are attracting much attention for applications in many fields of chemistry and industry due to their chemical and thermal stability, wide electrochemical windows, low vapour pressure and high ionic conductivity properties [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical performance of lead acid battery using ammonium hydrogen sulphate with different alkyl groups

Rezaei

Ensafi

Jahromi

2011

Ionics

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In this work, the application of ionic liquids (ILs)-mono-, bicycyclohexyl, monohexyl and tetrahexyl ammonium hydrogen sulphate-as electrolyte additives on the electrochemical performance of lead acid batteries is proposed. The electrochemical behaviour of Pb-1.66% Sb-0.24% Sn alloy in sulphuric acid solution is investigated in the presence of the mentioned ILs with different numbers of alkyl or cycloalkyl chains. Particularly, the hydrogen and oxygen evolution potential and anodic layer characteristics were studied using cyclic and linear sweep voltammetric methods. The obtained results indicate that hydrogen evolution overpotential of Pb/Sb/Sn alloy in the presence of ILs increases. This overpotential mainly depends on the concentration of ILs and the number of alkyl and cycloalkyl chains on the cations. Also, the difference between the oxygen oxidation potential in anodic and cathodic scans (ΔE) decreases using different ILs.

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“…Other additives, such as, boric acid, 22) mixture of H 3 PO 4 and H 3 BO 3 , [23][24][25] metal cations [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] and organic compounds 38,39) were also proposed. H 3 PO 4 is reported to be helpful in reduction of the sulfation after deep discharge, 1,[7][8][9][10] increasing the life cycle, 1,7,8,15) slowing down the discharge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14,16,17) Some electrochemical studies have indicated improvement of the formation of PbO 2 with the addition of H 3 PO 4 13,14) but the results of other studies supported the opposite effect. 5,7,11,14,22) One of the main reasons of the lead-acid battery failure is the severe corrosion of the anode grid during service due to the self-discharge. The effect of H 3 PO 4 addition on the performance of the battery grids under oxidation and during the self-discharge seems to be an important part in the evaluation of H 3 PO 4 as an economic electrolyte additive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Phosphoric Acid on the Electronic and Diffusion Properties of the Anodic Passive Layer Formed on Pb-1.7%Sb Grid of Lead-acid Batteries

El-Rahman¹,

Salih²,

Elwahab³

2011

Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology

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:Potentiostatic oxidation of Pb-1.7%Sb alloy used in the manufacture of grids of lead-acid batteries over the potential range from −1.0 V to 2.3 V in 5 M H 2 SO 4 in the absence and the presence of 0.4 M H 3 PO 4 and the self-discharge characteristics of the oxide layer formed is studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Depending on the potential value, sharp variations in resistance and capacitance of the alloy are recorded during the oxidation and they can be used for identification of the various substances involved in passive layer. Addition of H 3 PO 4 is found to deteriorate the insulating properties of the passive layer by the retardation of the formation of PbSO 4 . H 3 PO 4 completely inhibits the current and impedance fluctuations recorded in H 3 PO 4 -free solutions in the potential range 0.5 V-1.7 V. These fluctuations are attributed to the occurrence of competitive redox processes that involve the formation of PbSO 4 , PbOSO 4 , PbO and PbO 2 and the repeated formation and breakdown of the passive layer. Self-discharge experiments indicate that the amount of PbO 2 formed in the presence of H 3 PO 4 is lesser than in the H 3 PO 4 -free solutions. The start of transformation of PbSO 4 into PbO 2 is greatly shortened. H 3 PO 4 facilitates the diffusion process of soluble species through the passive layer (PbSO 4 and basic PbSO 4 ) but impedes the diffusion process through PbO 2 .

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Influence of phosphoric acid on the grid alloys of positive plates in the lead acid battery system: A comparative study

Cited by 14 publications

References 19 publications

Effect of phosphoric acid on the performance of low antimony grid of Pb‐acid cell under constant current charging and discharging

Effect of phosphoric acid on the performance of low antimony grid of Pb‐acid cell under constant current charging and discharging

Electrochemical performance of lead acid battery using ammonium hydrogen sulphate with different alkyl groups

Effect of Phosphoric Acid on the Electronic and Diffusion Properties of the Anodic Passive Layer Formed on Pb-1.7%Sb Grid of Lead-acid Batteries

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