Influence of diet on growth yields of rumen micro-organisms in vitro and<i>in vivo</i>: influence on growth yield of variable carbon fluxes to fermentation products

Blümmel, Michael; Karsli, A.; Russell, J. R.

doi:10.1079/bjn2003934

Cited by 64 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Similarly, higher (P<0.01) in vivo DMI technique applied in the present study proved to be recorded for the diets having higher PF in the present study, is consistent with the reports of [29,30], who simple to determine the difference in IVGP, OMD and defined PF as an index of the distribution of truly ME of diets with yeast, which can be more rapidly degraded substrate between microbial biomass and applied in developing countries because of its fermentation waste products. When less gas is convenience, cost saving and practical applicability produced per unit weight of substrate truly degraded, [31].…”

supporting

confidence: 82%

Evaluation of in vitro gas production and nutrient digestibility of complete diets supplemented with different levels of thermotolerant yeast in Nellore rams

Harikrishna¹,

Mahender²,

Reddy³

et al. 2012

Vet. World

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Aim : The objective of the present study was to know the effect of dietary supplementation of varied levels of thermotolerant yeast to determine best levels for sheep diets by in vitro gas production. An in vivo study on Nellore rams was used for further evaluation of diets with three best levels of yeast (obtained from in vitro data) to determine diet with optimum yeast level for growing lambs by assessing nutrient digestibility, plane of nutrition and nitrogen balance. determine best levels for sheep diets by IVGP technique. An in vivo study was conducted on Nellore rams (39.75 0.24 kg body weight, aged 3 years) in a 4 x 4 latin square design for further evaluation of diets with three best yeast levels based on in vitro data, to determine optimum yeast level for diets of growing lambs by assessing nutrient digestibility, plane of nutrition and nitrogen balance. The rams were housed individually in metabolic cages that allowed separation of urine and faeces to evaluate digestibility of nutrients and N balance. Animals were given 10 days adaptation period followed by 7-day collection period, feed intake and refusals were recorded. During the digestibility and N balance study, feed, refusals and faeces were analyzed for dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP) as per AOAC, USA, while fibre fractions like neutral detergent fibre (aNDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) were analyzed. adequately met with DCP and ME requirements as suggested by ICAR, India.Conclusions: The present study demonstrated the potential of theromotolerant yeast at 1 g/kg to 3g/kg level in improving digestibility of nutrients, intake of DCP and ME and N retention without affecting health of rams under study. Thus, incorporation of 1 g/kg level of thermotolerant probiotic yeast in complete diet for lambs appears to be beneficial for livestock producers.

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supporting

confidence: 82%

Evaluation of in vitro gas production and nutrient digestibility of complete diets supplemented with different levels of thermotolerant yeast in Nellore rams

Harikrishna¹,

Mahender²,

Reddy³

et al. 2012

Vet. World

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“…Later analyses proved the presence of DAPA in S. bovis (Russell and Robinson 1984) which at concentrate feed rations and low pH may increase the rumen content of DAPA in dairy cows. The growth phase of microflora is the time of incubation and differs from availability of substrates and type of microbial strains that are manifested by varying microbial synthesis (Blümmel et al 2003). Because of those different concentrations it may reflect various types of micro-organisms within the rumen population, different ratios of protozoa and bacteria, bacteria in liquid and solid phases of the rumen contents and also various stages of growth of respective microbial populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

2,6-Diaminopimelic acid as a biological marker of rumen synthesis and fermentation capacities in the transition period and early lactation of dairy cows

Maskaľová¹,

Vajda²,

Bujňák³

2014

Acta Vet. Brno

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The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different types of available nutrients of total mix rations on fermentation and synthesis capacities of the rumen in Holstein dairy cows divided into groups in the transition period (± 3 weeks after parturition) and early lactation (60-80 days in milk). The diets were fed as a total mixed ration. Results obtained with feeding Diet C (high concentration of available nutrients) to dairy cows confirmed a significant increase in 2,6-diaminopimelic acid from the initial mean 2.2 μg/ml at 21 days before calving to 6.2 μg/ml (P < 0.01) at 21 days after calving or 7.6 μg/ml (P < 0.01) at early lactation, and a parallel significant increase in the concentration of volatile fatty acids (P < 0.01). The concentration of propionic acid increased from the initial mean 25.3 to 39.3 mmol/l (P < 0.01) in the transition period, and to 43.1 mmol/l at early lactation (P < 0.01). All indicators of rumen fermentation and synthesis determined in dairy cows with Diet B (low concentration of available nutrients) of the total mix ration according to productive phases were not significant. High regression coefficients of examined indicators of 2,6-diaminopimelic acid to volatile fatty acid (r = 0.813), propionic acid (r = 0.780) and acetic acid (r = 0.635) indicate direct correlation between fermentation and synthesis activities of the rumen. Our results show that 2,6-diaminopimelic acid appears as a perspective marker for the monitoring and evaluation of the synthesis function of the rumen and production of bacterial biomass under breeding conditions. VFA, DAPA, feeding and nutrition, microflora, fermentationRumen fermentation of the feed's organic matter and microbial biomass synthesis are reported to have the potential to meet 70-85% of the energy requirements and 70-100% of the protein needs of ruminants, even at higher levels of production. Microbial proteins synthesized in the rumen cover 80% of daily amino acid needs and constitute 50-80% of total absorbable amino acids (Bach et al. 2005). Synthesis of microbial proteins is affected by usability of fermentable carbohydrates (Ahvenjarvi et al. 2002), nitrogen (Verbic 2002) and minerals (Broudiscou et al. 1999). Optimum production of rumen microflora and synthesis of microbial proteins at the level of 12.6 g/100 g fermentable organic matter is ensured when the concentration of NH 3 in the ruminal fluid varies in the range 8.8-14.7 mmol/l which is an accepted reference value for assessment of the level of protein saturation in ruminant rations (Vajda et al. 1994; NRC 2001). Microbial efficiency expressed as g of microbial nitrogen per kg of dry matter, organic matter, total carbohydrate, and 100 g N digested, ranged from 20.8 to 26.6; 34.7 to 44.3; 35.1 to 50.3 and 89 to 95 g, respectively (Sniffen et al. 2006). Multiplication and growth of rumen microflora is affected by nutritional (quantity and ratio of carbohydrates and proteins) and dietetic factors (structure of total mix ration, dry matter intake, production of sal...

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“…Total J. acutus production potential of 23 wetlands of Turkey is estimated at 85 537 tons (Erdem, 2014), but there are no reports on the worldwide potential of J. acutus. The nutritive value of J. acutus has been studied in terms of chemical composition, organic matter digestibility (OMD) and metabolizable energy (ME) (Erdem, 2014), using the in vitro gas production method (Menke & Steingass, 1988;Blummel & Ørskov 1993;Blummel et al, 2003). Consequently, it has been proposed as an alternative roughage source for ruminants (Erdem, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of organic matter digestibility, metabolizable energy, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of stems and seeds of the <i>Juncus acutus</i> plant in ruminant nutrition

Erdem¹,

Çetinkaya²,

Nisbet³

et al. 2016

SA J. An. Sci.

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The objectives of the present study were to determine the organic matter digestibility (OMD), metabolizable energy (ME), antioxidant activity and total phenolic and flavonoid concentrations of stems and seeds of Juncus acutus. Stem and seed samples were collected from Hamsiloz Bay in Sinop, Turkey, and the proximate analysis was carried on them. The OMD percentage and ME values of the samples were estimated from gas measured by the in vitro gas production method. Phenolic and flavonoid concentrations and total antioxidant activity were determined spectrophotometrically. Mean OMD, ME OMD and ME GP levels and gas production kinetic parameters A, c and T 1/2 of J. acutus stem and seed samples were 40.3% and 47.7%; 6.44 and 7.63 MJ/kg DM, 5.96 and 7.07 MJ/kg DM, 35.12 and 47.19 mL, 0.055% and 0.092%, and 12.60 and 7.53 h, respectively. Mean OMD percentage, ME and gas production kinetic parameters A, c and T 1/2 of the stems were significantly different than that of the seed. The antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid concentrations of stems and seeds of J. acutus were 88.45 and 88.48 IC50 mg/mL, 19.70 and 40.99 mg GAE/100 g and 0.63 and 1.20 mg Qe/100 g, respectively. Mean values of total phenolic and flavonoid concentrations of stems were significantly different from that of the seeds. In conclusion, both stems and seeds of J. acutus may be considered alternative feed sources for ruminants. Furthermore, when J. acutus stems and seeds are included in ruminant diet, the phenolic compounds may contribute to the intake of natural antioxidants.

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Influence of diet on growth yields of rumen micro-organisms in vitro andin vivo: influence on growth yield of variable carbon fluxes to fermentation products

Cited by 64 publications

References 29 publications

Evaluation of in vitro gas production and nutrient digestibility of complete diets supplemented with different levels of thermotolerant yeast in Nellore rams

Evaluation of in vitro gas production and nutrient digestibility of complete diets supplemented with different levels of thermotolerant yeast in Nellore rams

2,6-Diaminopimelic acid as a biological marker of rumen synthesis and fermentation capacities in the transition period and early lactation of dairy cows

Estimation of organic matter digestibility, metabolizable energy, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of stems and seeds of the <i>Juncus acutus</i> plant in ruminant nutrition

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