Aim : The objective of the present study was to know the effect of dietary supplementation of varied levels of thermotolerant yeast to determine best levels for sheep diets by in vitro gas production. An in vivo study on Nellore rams was used for further evaluation of diets with three best levels of yeast (obtained from in vitro data) to determine diet with optimum yeast level for growing lambs by assessing nutrient digestibility, plane of nutrition and nitrogen balance. determine best levels for sheep diets by IVGP technique. An in vivo study was conducted on Nellore rams (39.75 0.24 kg body weight, aged 3 years) in a 4 x 4 latin square design for further evaluation of diets with three best yeast levels based on in vitro data, to determine optimum yeast level for diets of growing lambs by assessing nutrient digestibility, plane of nutrition and nitrogen balance. The rams were housed individually in metabolic cages that allowed separation of urine and faeces to evaluate digestibility of nutrients and N balance. Animals were given 10 days adaptation period followed by 7-day collection period, feed intake and refusals were recorded. During the digestibility and N balance study, feed, refusals and faeces were analyzed for dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP) as per AOAC, USA, while fibre fractions like neutral detergent fibre (aNDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) were analyzed. adequately met with DCP and ME requirements as suggested by ICAR, India.Conclusions: The present study demonstrated the potential of theromotolerant yeast at 1 g/kg to 3g/kg level in improving digestibility of nutrients, intake of DCP and ME and N retention without affecting health of rams under study. Thus, incorporation of 1 g/kg level of thermotolerant probiotic yeast in complete diet for lambs appears to be beneficial for livestock producers.
Background: Adequate housing is essential for wellbeing and welfare of any kind of livestock, which keeps them comfort and healthy thereby increases production and reproduction performance by exploiting their fullest genetic potential. As scanty information available on farmers practices on animal housing, the present study was undertaken to assess housing management practices followed by dairy farmers in Northern Telangana state of India. Methods: Data were collected from randomly selected 240 dairy farmers from 24 villages of 8 mandals from 4 districts. A pretested semi-structured questionnaire in precise language was employed for collecting data through interview and face to face discussion with the dairy farmers duly avoiding ambiguous, dichotomous and non-variant items for proper interpretation. Result: Majority (59.58%) respondents kept animals in kutcha houses and 74.58% sheds located to nearby their dwellings. Majority (50.42%) of the sheds were in east-west direction and 82.08% of the respondents followed single line system of housing. Majority 91.25, 95.42, 84.16, 67.92 and 69.58% of the respondents protected animals against extreme weather conditions, maintained cleanliness, had earthen floor, backward slope in the floor and wooden pillars, respectively. Majority of animal houses had thatched roof (50.42%) and without walls (82.08%) and majority of them (89.58%) provided mangers but only 11.25% had pucca type mangers. Only a few respondents (14.58%) provided pucca drainage system and most of the farmers (58.75%) had manure pit adjacent to their animal houses. The study concludes that, the dairy farmers of the study area are well aware of advantages of keeping animals in hygienic animal houses under adverse tropical climatic conditions of the study area and providing them periodical trainings and visits to modern organised dairy farms helps them to optimize productivity from dairy animals.
An attempt has been made to appreciate the pattern of seasonal births and their effect on birth weight in Osmanabadi goats under semi-intensive system of management reared in an organized farm. The study area has three distinct seasons namely summer, rainy and winter seasons. The birth records of the goats were analyzed for six years (2003-2008). All the kiddings recorded during the period were classified into three seasons, namely summer (March-June), rainy (July-October) and winter (November-February). The births recorded were also classified according to their sexes. Birth weights of 288 kids were classified according to sexes and season. Data were analysed using appropriate statistical methods. The 396 births recorded during the study period revealed that in the Osmanabadi goats, the major kidding season was winter in which 48.95% of all births take place followed by summer (33.68%) and rainy (17.36%) seasons. The birth weight of kids differed significantly (P<0.05) between the season of birth. During winter months the mean birth weight was 2.42 ± 0.02 kg followed by summer season (2.46 ± 0.02 kg) and rainy season (2.64 ± 0.02 kg). Higher birth weights were recorded in rainy season born kids followed by summer and winter season. The sex of the kids also significantly (P<0.05) affected the birth weights. The average birth weight of Osmanabadi female kids was 2.35 ± 0.01 kg and in male kids, it was 2.60 ± 0.01 kg. It is concluded that, the results of the present study have practical implications not only for goat husbandry but also for the increased knowledge of factors that significantly influence variation in birth weight as birth weight itself has become a significant predictor of later health outcomes.
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