The objectives of the present study were to determine the organic matter digestibility (OMD), metabolizable energy (ME), antioxidant activity and total phenolic and flavonoid concentrations of stems and seeds of Juncus acutus. Stem and seed samples were collected from Hamsiloz Bay in Sinop, Turkey, and the proximate analysis was carried on them. The OMD percentage and ME values of the samples were estimated from gas measured by the in vitro gas production method. Phenolic and flavonoid concentrations and total antioxidant activity were determined spectrophotometrically. Mean OMD, ME OMD and ME GP levels and gas production kinetic parameters A, c and T 1/2 of J. acutus stem and seed samples were 40.3% and 47.7%; 6.44 and 7.63 MJ/kg DM, 5.96 and 7.07 MJ/kg DM, 35.12 and 47.19 mL, 0.055% and 0.092%, and 12.60 and 7.53 h, respectively. Mean OMD percentage, ME and gas production kinetic parameters A, c and T 1/2 of the stems were significantly different than that of the seed. The antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid concentrations of stems and seeds of J. acutus were 88.45 and 88.48 IC50 mg/mL, 19.70 and 40.99 mg GAE/100 g and 0.63 and 1.20 mg Qe/100 g, respectively. Mean values of total phenolic and flavonoid concentrations of stems were significantly different from that of the seeds. In conclusion, both stems and seeds of J. acutus may be considered alternative feed sources for ruminants. Furthermore, when J. acutus stems and seeds are included in ruminant diet, the phenolic compounds may contribute to the intake of natural antioxidants.
The objectives of this study were to estimate the digestibility of different ratios of Juncus acutus and maize silage and to investigate the effects of them on rumen bacteria. Three different ratios of Juncus acutus and maize silage 100:0 (A), 50:50 (B) and 0:100 (C) were prepared and their gas productions were determined at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h incubation times by ANKOM RF gas production system. OMD%, ME OMD , ME GP , and b values of A, B, C were 42. 06, 51.06 and 60.21%; 6.72, 8.16 and 9.63 MJ/kg DM; 5.15, 6.28 and 7.55 MJ/kg DM; 20.85, 35.24 and 48.11 mL respectively. There were significant variations between the chemical composition, gas production, OMD%, ME GP and ME OMD values of A, B and C (P<0.05). Abundance of ruminal bacteria were as following Fibrobacter succinogenes>Ruminococcus flavefaciens>Ruminococcus albus values at all incubation times. In conclusion, mixing of Juncus acutus with maize silage in 50:50 ratio increased the amount of rumen cellulolytic bacteria and 22% of both OMD and ME of Juncus acutus. Supplementation of maize silage to Juncus acutus in ruminant diet may improve the utilization of Juncus acutus through providing of nitrogen and fermentable carbohydrates to rumen bacteria. Keywords: Cellulolitic bacteria, Juncus acutus, Maize silage, Metabolizable energy, Organic matter digestibility Juncus acutus ve Mısır Silajının Farklı Oranlarının Sindirilebilirlik ve Rumen Selülolitik Bakterileri Üzerine Etkisi ÖzetBu çalışma ile farklı oranlarda karıştırılan Juncus acutus ve mısır silajının sindirilebilirliğinin ve rumendeki selülolitik bakteriler üzerine etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Juncus acutus ve mısır silajı üç farklı oranda (100:0 (A), 50:50 (B), 0:100 (C)) karıştırılarak kaba yem örnekleri hazırlandı ve 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 ve 96 saatlik inkübasyonlarda gaz üretim (GÜ) değerleri belirlendi. A, B ve C örneklerinin % organik madde sindirilebilirliği (OMS), (metabolik enerji) ME OMS ve ME GÜ , potansiyel gaz üretimi (b) değerleri sırasıyla %42. 06, 51.06 ve 60.21; 6.72, 8.16 ve 9.63 MJ/kg KM; 5.15, 6.28 ve 7.55 MJ/kg KM; 20.85, 35.24 ve 48.11 mL bulundu. A, B ve C örneklerinin kimyasal kompozisyonları, gaz üretimi, %OMS, ME GÜ ve ME OMS değerleri arasında önemli farklılıklar tespit edildi (P<0.05). Bakteri miktarlarındaki artış Fibrobacter succinogenes>Ruminococcus flavefaciens>Ruminococcus albus şeklinde tespit edildi. Sonuç olarak Juncus acutus ile mısır silajının 50:50 oranında karıştırılması rumen bakterilerinin oranını ve Juncus acutus'un OMS ve ME değerlerini %22 oranında artırdı.
The objective of this study was to determine micro and macro mineral concentrations in stem and seed of Juncus acutus for ruminant nutrition. The samples of Juncus acutus stem and seed were randomly collected from Kizilirmak Delta, Samsun, Turkey. Micro and macro mineral concentrations of samples were analyzed by using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrophotometer (ICP-MS) and ion chromatography (IC) methods, respectively. Differences between mean concentrations of B, Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Se in stem and seed of Juncus acutus samples were significant (P<0.05). The mean values of Al, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni and Se for stem of Juncus acutus were higher than values for seed of Juncus acutus but, the mean values of Mn, Cu and Zn for seed of Juncus acutus were higher than stem of Juncus acutus (P<0.05). The concentrations of Na, K and Ca in stem were higher than seed of Juncus acutus. On the other hand, the concentration of Mg for seed of Juncus acutus were higher than stem of Juncus acutus (P<0.05). In conclusion, the obtained results show that stem and seed of Juncus acutus may be a good source to meet the micro and macro mineral requirements of ruminant animals. Besides, the seeds of Juncus acutus may also provide micro and macro minerals to birds in wetlands.
The objectives of this study were to estimate the digestibility of Juncus acutus and to investigate its effects on rumen cellulolytic bacteria to consider J. acutus as an alternative roughage source in ruminant nutrition. Juncus acutus samples were collected from three different stations in Kizilirmak Delta and their proximate analysis was carried out. Organic matter digestibility (OMD) and metabolisable energy (ME) values of J. acutus were estimated from gas measured by the in vitro gas production method. The effects of J. acutus on the abundance of rumen cellulolytic bacteria Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus flavefaciens and Ruminococcus albus were determined by real-time PCR method. Crude nutrient values of J. acutus collected from three stations were analysed. Mean OMD %, ME OMD and ME GP values of J. acutus from three stations were ranged from 42.64 to 42.48%, 6.78 to 6.82 MJ/kg DM and 5.05 to 5.26 MJ/kg DM respectively. Ruminal F. succinogenes, R. flavefaciens and R. albus abundance calculated from threshold (C T ) values in rumen fluids obtained from 0 to 96 h incubations showed an increases in following order F. succinogenes> R. flavefaciens> R. albus. The CP % of J. acutus was found higher from cereal straw and close to low-quality alfalfa hay and dry meadow grass. Juncus acutus increased the amount of rumen cellulolytic bacteria. In the light of obtained results, it can be concluded that J. acutus may be considered as a new alternative roughage source in ruminant nutrition. ARTICLE HISTORY
The objective of this study was to evaluate chemical composition, organic matter digestibility (OMD) and metabolic energy (ME) values of the most cultivated Osmaniye Virginia peanut variety straw, and peanut seed residue and peanut meal which are wastes of peanut oil factory in Osmaniye-Turkey for ruminant nutrition. The levels of OMD and ME of feed samples were determined by in vitro gas production method. The mean organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) levels of peanut straw, peanut seed residue and peanut meal were estimated as following 92.
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