Influence of Crystal Defects on the Szilard-Chalmers Process in Solids

Chemical Effects of Gamma Irradiation on 204Tl Incorporated in KCl Crystals

“…In recent years it has become apparent that the oxidation states of recoil atoms in crystals are greatly influenced by the numbers and types of lattice defects present [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. This influence is reflected in both the initial valence distributions and those observed after thermal annealing.…”

“…On peut supposer plus facilement que l'oxydation correspond à des réactions de type Cr< 3 +> + η Cr0 4 -Cr<«+> + η Cr0 4 2 " . (2) Ces réactions, entre les espèces réduites de recul et les trous, seront avantagées par la température qui, on le sait, augmente la mobilité des porteurs de charge, ne nécessitant pas le transport de masse (migration des ions). Le mécanisme s'accorde aussi avec l'influence des défauts produits pendant l'irradiation, par les rayons γ, qui conduisent principalement à des ionisations.…”

Recoil Processes of Chromium-51 in K2Cr04 Mixed with Alkali Halides

“…The retention of 61 Cr in the form of Cr0 4 -2 , was found to be greater in solids than in solutions. It was also found that the retention depends on the pretreatment of the target before irradiation [1][2][3]. Some experiments with systems doped with 51 Cr gave similar results [4].…”

Retention and Annealing Reactions in Dichromates

“…So far it has not proved possible to correlate the values of R 0 with any property of the apparently chemically inert cations. More recently it has been found that the initial retention is also dependent on the mass of cation present, different isotopie species of the same salt yielding different values of R 0 [3]. It is clearly desirable to find out whether purely geometrical considerations influence the value of R 0 .…”

“…The ammonium salts of oxy-anions are generally found to give rather low retentions, by comparison, for instance, with the alkali metal salts of the same oxyanions irradiated with neutrons under the same conditions [1], HABBOTTLE and SUTIN have suggested that this might be due, at least in part, to the reduction of the recoiling fragments by the ammonium ions [2], The primary retention is always rather sensitive to the precise conditions of neutron irradiation and to the intial state of the crystals [3]. Thus it has been shown that the density of vacancies in the original crystals affects the primary retention.…”