Influence of Chloride Deposition on Corrosion Products

Kubzová, Monika; Křivý, Vít; Kreislová, Kateřina

doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2017.06.087

Cited by 12 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Hara et al [17,22] found that β-FeOOH and Fe 3 O 4 can be formed in the presence of chlorides and magnetite Fe 3 O 4 , as a spinel phase is often formed by the reduction of kageneite, especially when the patina layer remains wet for a long time. Based on the calculation of the PAIα coefficient, it can be concluded that only the reddish-brown patina from sample 4 (taken from the middle zone of the wall of the web), according to [3,4], meets the PAIα > 1 criterion and is an active protection for the weathering steel. The patina consists mainly of goethite (59 wt.%) and the passive layer is stable.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the predominant 4, with qualitative analysis results. Based on the calculation of the PAI α coefficient, it can be concluded that only the reddish-brown patina from sample 4 (taken from the middle zone of the wall of the web), according to [3,4], meets the PAI α > 1 criterion and is an active protection for the weathering steel. The patina consists mainly of goethite (59 wt.%) and the passive layer is stable.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the studies of Hara et al and Kubzov et al [3,4], the following patina states can be distinguished:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Corrosion Assessment of a Weathering Steel Bridge Structure after 30 Years of Service

et al. 2021

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The first steel with improved resistance towards atmospheric corrosion, the so-called weathering steel, was patented in the USA in 1933 and was initially used for coal railway cars, and after that, in building and bridge engineering. Weathering steels show higher corrosion resistance than carbon steels in many types of atmosphere due to their ability to form a compact, stable, adherent and protective patina during the time of exposure. Morphological evaluation of the appearance of the corrosion product layer, together with phase analysis of its components, can enable determination of the type of patina and the degree of protection of the steel. To support the visual assessment of a patina, a check based on the qualitative and quantitative phase analysis of its components may be carried out, and the PAI (Protective Ability Index) can be calculated. The estimation of the corrosion processes on original Polish-made weathering steel (12HNNbA) was carried out on a 30-year-old bridge in Poland. There are some structural problems within the deck derived not only from corrosion but also steel cracking, both inside and outside the boxes, at different heights. Fourteen representative samples of patina were analysed and their phase structures were determined by the X-ray powder diffraction method. The PAIs were determined and analysed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Corrosion Assessment of a Weathering Steel Bridge Structure after 30 Years of Service

et al. 2021

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“…Numerical models are evaluated based on the laboratory conditions and the real chloride penetration depends on the actual season, temperature concrete humidity, level of mechanical damage [12,[22][23][24]. The rate of penetration is influenced by surface concentration that changes over the year [25,26]. The free soluble chlorides might transform into bound chlorides when the concentration of the pore solution is too high during the deicing season and dissolve back into solution when the concentration of pore solution is lower during warmer rainy season.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reinforced Concrete Bridge Deck Model Considering Delayed Exposure to Chlorides

Konečný

Lehner

Pustka

2019

Period. Polytech. Civil Eng.

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The paper is focused on the model of the effect of delayed chloride exposure on the chloride induced corrosion initiation on ideal reinforced concrete bridge. The Finite Element-based numerical model is applied. The effect of concrete quality is expressed in the form of time dependent diffusion coefficient in order to evaluate the effect of concrete type as well as the effect of aging. The influence of extended chloride exposure on the corrosion initiation is introduced.

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“…With the high solubility and conservative behavior of Cl − , the mass balance of Cl − has been used to evaluate the long-term groundwater recharge of regional hydrologic cycles [41][42][43]. In addition, studies have demonstrated that deposition of atmospheric Cl − on the surface of steel may accelerate the corrosion rate and reduce the lifetime of construction steel [44][45][46]. A review of atmospheric corrosion in China reported that Cl − plays an important role in the corrosion of metals in areas across China [47].…”

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confidence: 99%

Spatial Distributions and Sources of Inorganic Chlorine in PM2.5 across China in Winter

et al. 2019

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Chlorine is an important atmospheric photochemical oxidant, but few studies have focused on atmospheric chlorine. In this study, PM 2.5 samples were collected from urban and rural sites across China in January 2018, and concentrations of Cl − and other water-soluble ions in PM 2.5 were analyzed. The size-segregated aerosol Cl − data measured across Chinese cities by other studies were compiled for comparison. The observed data demonstrated that the Cl − concentrations of PM 2.5 in northern cities (5.0 ± 3.7 µg/m 3 ) were higher than those in central (1.9 ± 1.2 µg/m 3 ) and southern cities (0.84 ± 0.54 µg/m 3 ), suggesting substantial chlorine emissions in northern cities during winter. The concentrations of Cl − in aerosol were significantly higher in urban regions (0.11-26.7 µg/m 3 ) compared to than in rural regions (0.03-0.61 µg/m 3 ) across China during winter, implying strong anthropogenic chlorine emission in cities. Based on the mole ratios of Cl − /Na + , Cl − /K + and Cl − /SO 2− 4 and the PMF model, Cl − in northern and central cities was mainly sourced from the coal combustion and biomass burning, but in southern cities, Cl − in PM 2.5 was mainly affected by the equilibrium between gas-phase HCl and particulate Cl − . The size-segregated statistical data demonstrated that particulate Cl − had a bimodal pattern, and more Cl − was distributed in the fine model than that in the coarse mode in winter, with the opposite pattern was observed in summer. This may be attributed to both sources of atmospheric Cl − and Cl − involved in chemical processes. This study reports the concentrations of aerosol Cl − on a national scale, and provides important information for modeling the global atmospheric reactive chlorine distribution and the effects of chlorine on atmospheric photochemistry.Atmosphere 2019, 10, 505 2 of 16 may disturb the aerosol acidity [11][12][13][14], which further affects the water-soluble ion concentrations aerosol [15,16]. Although the Cl − concentration in aerosol has been incidentally reported in many studies, very few studies have paid attention to Cl − in terrestrial aerosols as compared to marine aerosol, let alone in situ observations on a large spatial scale.The sources of atmospheric Cl − have been identified using several different methods, such as determining stable isotopic compositions of Cl − [17][18][19], monitoring the relationships between Cl − and OC, EC, Na + , and K + [16,[20][21][22], and model simulations [23,24]. Atmospheric Cl − has many natural sources, including sea water, wildfires, dust storms, and volcanic eruptions [25][26][27][28], as well as anthropogenic sources, such as coal combustion, biomass burning, industrial emissions, and the use of sodium chloride on icy roads [20,21,[29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. The chlorine emissions from sea water (both particulate Cl − and gas-phase HCl) were estimated to be 1792.6 Tg Cl yr −1 [23], which is considerably higher than emissions from other sources, such as dust (15 Tg Cl yr −1 as particulate Cl − ) and volcanic eruption...

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Influence of Chloride Deposition on Corrosion Products

Cited by 12 publications

References 7 publications

Corrosion Assessment of a Weathering Steel Bridge Structure after 30 Years of Service

Corrosion Assessment of a Weathering Steel Bridge Structure after 30 Years of Service

Reinforced Concrete Bridge Deck Model Considering Delayed Exposure to Chlorides

Spatial Distributions and Sources of Inorganic Chlorine in PM2.5 across China in Winter

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