Influence of Catch Crops on Yield and Chemical Composition of Winter Garlic Grown for Bunch Harvesting

Abstract

The cultivation of catch crops left on the surface of the field in the form of mulch promotes sustainable farming practices, while protecting the biodiversity of agricultural landscape. The paper presents results of research from 2013–2016, aimed at determining the usefulness of catch crops of millet, buckwheat, white mustard, bird’s-foot and Egyptian clover for soil mulching in winter garlic cultivation. The effect of soil litter on the amount of garlic crop in cultivation for bunch harvest and nutritional value determined by chemical composition of edible parts was determined. In the edible part of garlic, the content of dry matter, total and reducing sugars, L-ascorbic acid, total ash, crude fiber, phenolic acids and essential oil was evaluated. The control consisted of plots without mulch plants. In the cultivation of garlic under organic mulch, there was no decrease in commercial yield and no negative competitive effect on yielding. Garlic plants cultivated with mulch plants were characterized by increased height and developed more leaves. The catch crops used in the form of mulch did not affect the dry matter and total ash content in garlic bulbs. In the cultivation with plant litter, the concentration of phenolic acids and essential oil in the leaves was higher and the content of crude fiber was lower, compared to the cultivation without litter. Biomass from catch crops from clover and mustard increased the content of L-ascorbic acid, at the same time reducing the content of total and reducing sugars in the edible part of garlic, except for mulch plants of the bean family. The chemical composition of garlic was affected by different thermal and precipitation conditions in the years of research. In 2016, the year with the highest total rainfall, plants accumulated more dry matter, L-ascorbic acid as well as total and reducing sugars than in 2014 and 2015, years with less rainfall. Our research indicates that there are prospects for practical application of catch crops in the form of mulch for garlic cultivation to enhance the level of nutrients, without compromising the yield.

The Effects of Using Sulfur and Organic Bedding on the Content of Macro- and Micronutrients and Biologically Active Substances in Winter Garlic Bulbs

“…Compared to cultivation without CCs (control), a lower yield was obtained only for cultivation with mustard. These results confirmed the earlier findings on the yield-generating effect of organic mulches on the yielding of garlic in cultivation on the bunch harvest [31].…”

“…Organic litter decomposes and enriches the soil with humus, which helps to supply plants with minerals. The beneficial effect of organic mulches on the yield of garlic bulbs was shown in many studies [26][27][28][29][30], and in the cultivation of garlic for bunch harvesting [31].…”

Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Fruit Quality Response of Blueberry to Different Mulches

“…The use of covers is one of the most efficient organic weed control techniques, based upon the use of the crop residue of wheat, corn, rice, as well as polyethylene, biodegradable plastic, among others [4][5][6][7][8]. This technique has mainly been studied in vegetables [9][10][11][12][13][14][15], cereals [13,[15][16][17][18][19], some fruit species [1,4,8,20,21] and in forestry [6]. Several studies have demonstrated effects on weed control [18], fruit yield [6,[13][14][15]18], fruit weight, plant development [1], the absorption and accumulation of nutrients in plants [4,10,11], water use efficiency [4,11,[15][16][17]22], changes in soil temperatures [16,17] and cover effects on root growth [23].…”

“…This technique has mainly been studied in vegetables [9][10][11][12][13][14][15], cereals [13,[15][16][17][18][19], some fruit species [1,4,8,20,21] and in forestry [6]. Several studies have demonstrated effects on weed control [18], fruit yield [6,[13][14][15]18], fruit weight, plant development [1], the absorption and accumulation of nutrients in plants [4,10,11], water use efficiency [4,11,[15][16][17]22], changes in soil temperatures [16,17] and cover effects on root growth [23]. However, it is also necessary to evaluate fruit quality (firmness and size) and physiological characteristics to minimize stress in the plant, influenced by the use of mulches.…”

Trifolium subterraneum cover cropping for improving the nutritional status of a Mediterranean apricot orchard

“…Conventional agriculture involves continuous tillage and high adoption of agrochemical inputs, such as herbicides and mineral fertilizers, which lead to various negative side effects, i.e. the depletion and contamination of natural resources, the reduction of soil fertility and biodiversity, as well as major health risks due to chemical residues in foods 1–3 . This is common in areas characterized by low and irregular rainfall, such as Mediterranean Basin, where soil tillage and herbicides are frequently applied to compensate for moisture losses and weed competitiveness 4,5 .…”