Influence of airflow and liquid properties on the mass transfer coefficient of ammonia in aqueous solutions

Ye, Zhangying; Zhang, Guoqiang; Li, Baoming; Strøm, Jan S.; Tong, Guohong; Dahl, P. J.

doi:10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2008.04.016

Cited by 35 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Similar results were found by Ye et al [45], when monitoring NH 3 emissions in a full-scale experimental pig room. The studies of Ni et al [16] and Ye et al [45] at full scale were more comparable to this study than the work described by Ye et al [43] for reduced scale models. Whereas, a rather weak but significant effect of HH was found with reduced scale, such effect is not found in this study.…”

Section: Sourcesupporting

confidence: 80%

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Wind tunnel study of ammonia transfer from a manure pit fitted with a dairy cattle slatted floor

Paepe¹,

Pieters

Mendes³

et al. 2015

Environmental Technology

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In dairy cattle systems, most of the feces and urine go to the pit. At the manure pit level, mass transfer of NH3 ([Formula: see text]) has many factors, but practical difficulties hamper a controlled field evaluation. In this study, we propose a methodology for the determination of an alternative, more practical, pit transfer coefficient of NH3 (PTC), and compare it with [Formula: see text] determined from other scientific studies. The aims of this research study were: (1) to develop a wind tunnel set-up which mimics air flow patterns between the slats and above a clean section of a slatted floor section, featuring an aqueous NH3-emitting solution; and (2) to assess how air velocity, turbulence intensity, NH3 concentration ([NH3]) and PTC are influenced by inlet airflow ventilation rate (VR) forced deflection of the air above the slats into the manure pit through varying the deflection angle (DA) of a deflection panel and varying pit headspace height (HH). Main conclusions were: (1) the calculated PTC values presented a good fit to the power function of the air speed near the slats (u) (p < .001) while the average PTC (0.0039 m s(-1)) was comparable to [Formula: see text] values obtained from other studies, by remaining within the range of average values of 0.0015-0.0043 m s(-1); (2) VR and DA significantly impacted [NH3] profiles and PTC (p < .001) and (3) changing slurry pit from 0.10 to 0.90 m HH did not significantly impact [NH3] or PTC (p = .756 and p = .854, respectively).

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Section: Sourcesupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Ye et al [27] and Ye et al [43], with laboratory reduced scale studies of a pig barn model with an aqueous solution of NH 3 , indicated that inlet VR did reduce [NH 3 ]. In these studies, the inlet air entered the model through ventilation flaps placed at side walls and just underneath the ceiling.…”

Section: Effects Of Varying Inlet Vr and Damentioning

confidence: 98%

Wind tunnel study of ammonia transfer from a manure pit fitted with a dairy cattle slatted floor

Paepe¹,

Pieters

Mendes³

et al. 2015

Environmental Technology

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“…Partitioning of S in the test system showed that S was mainly associated within the nonvolatile fractions, with close to 80% partitioned into the animal or manure (main sink). The main form of S in swine diets is sulfate salts (Zhang, 2010), and H 2 S is formed though sulfate reduction under the highly anaerobic conditions found in swine manure (Park et al, 2006a). More research is needed to better understand the ability to lower odor through diet formulation; however, the ability to formulate swine diets to reduce sulfate levels while using economical feed ingredients, such as DDGS, may not be practical.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Swine producers have increasingly turned to DDGS as their economical alternative, with diets formulated up to 30% by weight showing little impact on pig performance (Duttlinger et al, 2012; Salyer et al, 2012) or meat quality (McClelland et al, 2012; Shurson et al, 2012b) compared with pigs fed a CSBM‐based diet. In general, diets containing DDGS have a higher fiber and sulfur contents than diets containing only CSBM (Kerr et al, 2008; Zhang, 2010), both of which are known to affect nutrient excretion (Kerr, 2003; Andersen et al, 2012) and to lower fat digestibility (Degen et al, 2007; Kil et al, 2010). Increased fiber in diets fed to ruminants and monogastrics has been shown to increase methanogeneic activity (Jarret et al, 2011a; Klevenhusen et al, 2011), whereas the higher sulfur levels in DDGS diets may increase emissions of reduced sulfur compounds, increasing their odor impact (Blanes‐Vidal et al, 2009a; Feilberg et al, 2010; Trabue et al, 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Emissions of Greenhouse Gases, Ammonia, and Hydrogen Sulfide from Pigs Fed Standard Diets and Diets Supplemented with Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles

Trabue

Kerr

2014

J. Environ. Qual.

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Swine producers are supplementing animal diets with increased levels of dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) to offset the cost of a standard corn-soybean meal (CSBM) diet. However, the environmental impact of these diets on emissions of greenhouse gases, ammonia (NH), and hydrogen sulfide (HS) is largely unknown. Twenty-four pigs (103.6 kg initial body weight) were fed a standard CSBM diet or a CSBM diet containing 35% DDGS for 42 d. Pigs were fed and their manure was collected twice daily over the 42-d trial. Pigs fed diets containing DDGS had reduced manure pH ( < 0.01), increased surface crust coverage ( < 0.01), increased manure dry matter content ( < 0.01), and increased manure C ( < 0.01), N ( < 0.01), and S ( < 0.01) contents. Animals fed DDGS diets also had significantly higher concentrations of total ammoniacal nitrogen ( < 0.01) and sulfide ( < 0.01) in their manure compared with animals fed CSBM diets. Manure emissions of NH ( < 0.01) and HS ( < 0.05) were significantly higher in animals fed the CSBM diet. There was no dietary treatment effect for methane or nitrous oxide emissions from manure. This study demonstrates that diets containing DDGS can significantly affect manure composition and potentially lower emissions of NH and HS.

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“…The influence of velocity, turbulence intensity, and pH value on the NH 3 mass transfer coefficient was studied in a wind tunnel with a cross section of 150 ϫ 150 mm. 8 The surface concentration was calculated using the dissociation constant and Henry's constant models stated in ref 5. However,…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Numerical Study on Effects of Airflow and Aqueous Ammonium Solution Temperature on Ammonia Mass Transfer Coefficient

Rong

Nielsen

Zhang

2010

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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This paper reports the results of an investigation, based on fundamental fluid dynamics and mass transfer theory, carried out to obtain a general understanding of ammonia mass transfer from an emission surface. The effects of airflow and aqueous ammonium solution temperature on ammonia mass transfer are investigated by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling and by a mechanism modeling using dissociation constant and Henry's constant models based on the parameters measured in the experiments performed in a wind tunnel. The validated CFD model by experimental data is used to investigate the surface concentration distribution and mass transfer coefficient at different temperatures and velocities for which the Reynolds number is from 1.36 ϫ 10 4 to 5.43 ϫ 10 4 (based on wind tunnel length). The surface concentration increases as velocity decreases and varies greatly along the airflow direction on the emission surface. The average mass transfer coefficient increases with higher velocity and turbulence intensity. However, the mass transfer coefficient estimated by CFD simulation is consistently larger than the calculated one by the method using dissociation constant and Henry's constant models. In addition, the results show that the liquid-air temperature difference has little impact on the simulated mass transfer coefficient by CFD modeling, whereas the mass transfer coefficient increases with higher liquid temperature using the other method under the conditions that the liquid temperature is lower than the air temperature. Although there are differences of mass transfer coefficients between these two methods, the mass transfer coefficients determined by these two methods are significantly related. INTRODUCTIONAmmonia (NH 3 ) emission not only leads to poor air quality in livestock buildings but also causes environmental acidification, 1 which will seriously impact the environment and natural sensitive ecosystem. NH 3 emissions and deposition to terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems have increased nearly 4-fold in the past 135 yr. 2 This research indicated that much of the increase has been associated with an increase in agriculture activities, especially with respect to the animal productions. Around 75% of European NH 3 emission comes from livestock productions, 3 and 80% of NH 3 emission in the United States is from domestic animal waste. 4 Therefore, NH 3 emission should be well controlled and a better understanding of the processes underlying NH 3 emission remains an important research topic.Evidence from various investigations and systematic studies suggests that environmental and manure properties have important impacts on NH 3 emission and the mass transfer coefficient. 5-7 These studies were mainly conducted by experiments using small-scale environmental chambers or wind tunnel devices. Mechanistic models of NH 3 release were reviewed according to 30 available research reports. 5 A laboratory investigation was reported concerning the impact of NH 3 emission due to the liquid-air temperature d...

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Influence of airflow and liquid properties on the mass transfer coefficient of ammonia in aqueous solutions

Cited by 35 publications

References 22 publications

Wind tunnel study of ammonia transfer from a manure pit fitted with a dairy cattle slatted floor

Wind tunnel study of ammonia transfer from a manure pit fitted with a dairy cattle slatted floor

Emissions of Greenhouse Gases, Ammonia, and Hydrogen Sulfide from Pigs Fed Standard Diets and Diets Supplemented with Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles

Experimental and Numerical Study on Effects of Airflow and Aqueous Ammonium Solution Temperature on Ammonia Mass Transfer Coefficient

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