Influence of added hydrogen on underground gas storage: a review of key issues

Reitenbach, Viktor; Ganzer, Leonhard; Albrecht, Daniel; Hagemann, Birger

doi:10.1007/s12665-015-4176-2

Cited by 176 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Current research aims to refine this range of allowable injections. 280,[288][289][290][291] A Dutch study concluded that off-the shelf gas appliances operated with no serious problems with up to 20% hydrogen blends by volume. 292 Similarly, the Health and Safety Laboratory concluded that 20% hydrogen was unlikely to harm the UK gas network or most appliances, although the identification and modification of vulnerable appliances is required for concentrations above 10%.…”

Section: Hydrogen Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of hydrogen and fuel cells in the global energy system

Staffell

Scamman

Abad

et al. 2019

Energy Environ. Sci.

2,397

1,219

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Hydrogen technologies have experienced cycles of excessive expectations followed by disillusion. Nonetheless, a growing body of evidence suggests these technologies form an attractive option for the deep decarbonisation of global energy systems, and that recent improvements in their cost and performance point towards economic viability as well. This paper is a comprehensive review of the potential role that hydrogen could play in the provision of electricity, heat, industry, transport and energy storage in a low-carbon energy system, and an assessment of the status of hydrogen in being able to fulfil that potential. The picture that emerges is one of qualified promise: hydrogen is well established in certain niches such as forklift trucks, while mainstream applications are now forthcoming.Hydrogen vehicles are available commercially in several countries, and 225 000 fuel cell home heating systems have been sold. This represents a step change from the situation of only five years ago. This review shows that challenges around cost and performance remain, and considerable improvements are still required for hydrogen to become truly competitive. But such competitiveness in the medium-term future no longer seems an unrealistic prospect, which fully justifies the growing interest and policy support for these technologies around the world. Broader contextHydrogen and fuel cells have arguably suffered a 'lost decade' after high expectations in the 2000s failed to materialise. Three factors are enabling the sector to regain momentum. Firstly, improvements in technology and manufacturing mean that systems which cost $60 000 in 2005 are now cost $10 000. Secondly, commercial products are becoming widely available, and significant uptake is occurring in specific sectors such as Japanese microgeneration and US forklift trucks. Thirdly, a strengthened global resolve to mitigate climate change is coupled with increasing realisation that clean power alone is insufficient, due to the complexity of decarbonising heat and transport. This paper provides a comprehensive state-of-the-art update on hydrogen and fuel cells across transport, heat, industry, electricity generation and storage, spanning the technologies, economics, infrastructure requirements and government policies. It defines the many roles that these technologies can play in the near future, as a flexible and versatile complement to electricity, and in offering end-users more choice over how to decarbonise the energy services they rely on. While there are strong grounds for believing that hydrogen and fuel cells can experience a cost and performance trajectory similar to those of solar PV and batteries, several challenges must still be overcome for hydrogen and fuel cells to finally live up to their potential.

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Section: Hydrogen Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of hydrogen and fuel cells in the global energy system

Staffell

Scamman

Abad

et al. 2019

Energy Environ. Sci.

2,397

1,219

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The diffusive flux in the gas phase is formulated by the Stefan-Maxwell equation for multicomponent gas mixtures which was simplified using Blanc's law (Poling et al 2001):…”

Section: Governing Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The gas-phase viscosity is calculated by the Wilke method which correlates the viscosity dependent on composition and temperature (Poling et al 2001):…”

Section: Hydrodynamic Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mathematical modeling of unstable transport in underground hydrogen storage

et al. 2015

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Within the framework of energy transition, hydrogen has a great potential as a clean energy carrier. The conversion of electricity into hydrogen for storage and transport is an efficient technological solution, capable of significantly reducing the problem of energy shortage. Underground hydrogen storage (UHS) is the best solution to store the large amount of excess electrical energy arising from the excessive over-production of electricity, with the objective of balancing the irregular and intermittent energy production, typical of renewable sources such as windmills or solar. Earlier studies have demonstrated that UHS should be qualitatively identical to the underground storage of natural gas. Much later, however, it was revealed that UHS is bound to incur peculiar difficulties, as the stored hydrogen is likely to be used by the microorganisms present in the rocks for their metabolism, which may cause significant losses of hydrogen. This paper demonstrates that besides microbial activities, the hydrodynamic behavior of UHS is very unique and different from that of a natural gas storage.

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“…Breede et al (2014) provide a systematic review of enhanced or engineered geothermal systems (EGS). Ramos et al (2015) provide a systematic review of projects implemented worldwide and a methodology for screening geothermal projects. Geothermal shallow surface systems based on ground source heat pumps have already proved to be a feasible option for the heating and cooling of buildings.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%