Influence of acrylamide monomer addition to the acrylic denture-base resins on mechanical and physical properties

Abstract

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of adding acrylamide monomer (AAm) on the characterization, flexural strength, flexural modulus and thermal degradation temperature of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) denture-base resins. Specimens (n=10) were fabricated from a conventional heat-activated QC-20 (Qc-) and a microwave heat-activated Acron MC (Ac-) PMMA resins. Powder/liquid ratio followed the manufacturer's instructions for the control groups (Qc-c and Ac-c) and for the copolymer groups, the resins were prepared with 5% (−5), 10% (−10), 15% (−15) and 20% (−20) acrylamide contents, according to the molecular weight ratio, respectively. The flexural strength and flexural modulus were measured by a three-point bending test. The data obtained were statistically analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis test (α=0.05) to determine significant differences between the groups. The chemical structures of the resins were characterized by the nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Thermal stabilities were determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) with a heating rate of 10 °C⋅min−1 from 35 °C to 600 °C. Control groups from both acrylic resins showed the lowest flexural strength values. Qc-15 showed significant increase in the flexural strength when compared to Qc-c (P<0.01). Ac-10 and Ac-15 showed significance when compared to Ac-c (P<0.01). Acrylamide incorporation increased the elastic modulus in Qc-10, Qc-15 and Qc-20 when compared to Qc-c (P<0.01). Also significant increase was observed in Ac-10, Ac-15 and Ac-20 copolymer groups when compared to Ac-c (P<0.01). According to the 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) results, acrylamide copolymerization was confirmed in the experimental groups. TGA results showed that the thermal stability of PMMA is increased by the insertion of AAm.

Monomer modifications of denture base acrylic resin: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…From the included researches in the systematic review, the modification of MMA was done basically by certain monomers or solutions that can be categorized as fluoromonomers[2627282930] ( n = 5), phosphate monomers[313233] ( n = 3), methacrylic acid monomer[343536373839] ( n = 6), itaconate monomers[404142] ( n = 3), nitromonomers[543444546] ( n = 5), and nonspecific monomers or solutions ( n = 6). Nonspecific monomers include Norbonyl/phenyl methacrylate (NBMA/PHMA),[47] polyhedral oligosilsesquioxane (POSS),[48] methacrylated dendrimer (DD1),[49] 1,3-bis(3-methacryloxypropyl)-1,1,3,3 tetramethyl disiloxane (BMPMS),[50] silver nitrate (AgNO 3 ) solution,[51] and N -acetyl cysteine (NAC).…”

“…The monomers used to substitute with MMA (wt/vol%) were either experimentally synthesized[33424445474951] or purchased. [526272829303234353637383940414346485052] For the specimen preparation, the polymer beads were synthesized by bulk polymerization,[29474950] suspension polymerization,[2627283334] or from the commercially available pre-polymers. The commercially available pre-polymers used were Lucitone 550,[30354345] Lucitone 199,[3132] Paladent 20,[48] Trevalon,[36] Vertex,[3744] DPI,[3839] Ondacryl,[5] Ivoclar Vivadent,[51] Biocryl,[404142] QC-20, Acron MC,[46] and Uniffasttrad.…”

Flexural strength of polymethyl methacrylate copolymers as a denture base resin

“…The addition of a monomer to a polymer is a matter of interest to obtain materials with superior properties that can be used as alternatives to PMMA 4,6,7) . Studies have reported that different monomers had been incorporated into MMA to reinforce PMMA 3,4,6,7,12,19,[23][24][25] . Nonetheless, the results of these studies, though different from each other, failed to create a material superior to PMMA.…”

Flexural strength of surface-treated heat-polymerized acrylic resin after repair with aluminum oxide-reinforced autopolymerizing acrylic resin

“…A repair gap of 3 mm was used in this study as it decreased the degree of polymerization contraction and also reduced any color difference between the denture base and repair material. [ 8 ] Ayaz and Durkan[ 10 ] observed that mechanical strength of the specimens reached optimum strength after immersing them in water for 1 day–1 week. Hence, the specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 7 days.…”

“…Glass fibers improve the mechanical properties, but their high cost limits their routine clinical use. [ 10 ] Previously, the addition of alumina into PMMA resulted in increased thermal conductivity and hardness. Silane coupling agent can be used for surface modification of filler which improves the surface bonding of filler and resin matrix.…”