Inflammatory Changes in Verruca Vulgaris

Abstract

Forty-one (8%) of 500 randomly selected biopsy specimens in verruca vulgaris showed evidence of inflammation. The inflammation was lymphocytic and lichenoid in 21 specimens and was associated with papillary hemorrhage and infarction in 23. Clinical review indicated that patients of all ages were represented but that there was a predominance of verrucae of the extremities in older patients. The data suggest the possibility of a distinct solitary acral verruca in the elderly.

Immunopathology of papillomavirus-induced tumors in different tissues

“…Some authors [6,46] did not find any inflammatory infiltrates, whereas others [2,37] noted a lichenoid pattern of lymphocytic infiltration. Common warts like flat warts may disappear simultaneously.…”

Immunocompetent Cells in Uterine Cervical Lesions of Human Papillomavirus Origin

“…On the other hand, cutaneous common warts (HPV 2) showing clinical features of involution did not contain any mononuclear cell infiltration at all or only in 8% of cases [2,13]. In another study, regressing cutaneous warts were shown to contain HPV antigens and both IgG and IgM class of virus-specific antibodies [27], Thus, there seems to exist a clear-cut difference between the flat and common warts in their mode of regression, probably attributable to the different HPV types [11].…”

“…Yet such lesions are found with increasing frequency in young, sexually active female, not infrequently associated with epithelial dysplasias and even with invasive carcinomas [28,29], Thus, we are here dealing with an important group of patients, the factors influencing the future outcome of their HPV lesions being com pletely unknown as yet [28,29], It seems feasible to suggest, however, that factors of both the tumor and of host origin are involved in this process, as they do in tumors elsewhere [7,8,31,35], In the present work, an entirely new approach was made by subjecting the HPV lesions of the cervix for analysis of the constituents of their inflammatory cell infiltrates. It is this infiltrate to which regression of cutaneous HPV lesions is attributed [1,13,32,33]. The immunocompetent cells include three main groups; B, T and MPS cells, each being divided into subpopulations with distinct functions in the regulation of an appropriate immune reaction against a diversity of antigens, tumor antigens included [7,8,31,35].…”

“…Human papillomavirus (HPV) comprises a heterogenic group of vi ruses (at least 9 HPV types recognized by now), responsible for the devel opment of squamous cell tumors (various types of warts, epidermodyspla sia verruciformis, EV included) in human skin and on the mucous mem branes of the gastrointestinal, genital and respiratory tracts [1,2,5,6,11,13,14,20,26,28,29,36,37], Recently, HPV has been mentioned as a possible agent involved in squamous cell carcinogenesis in man, due to the observed malignancies in cases of EV, and the frequent association of HPV lesions of the uterine cervix with different degrees of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and even with frankly invasive carcinomas [5,6,11,[28][29][30].…”

In vitro Interactions between Bovine Papillomavirus and Human Monocytes and Macrophages

“…For example, severe papil lomavirus infections commonly occur in in dividuals with certain primary and acquired immunodeficiencies [1]. Moreover, promi nent dermal and epidermal mononuclear leukocyte infiltration is observed in spon taneously regressing flat, common, and plan tar warts [2][3][4][5]. When these infiltrates are ex amined more carefully, most of these leuko cytes can be characterized as macrophages [6].…”