Inflammatory Bowel Disease Prevalence by Age, Gender, Race, and Geographic Location in the U.S. Military Health Care Population

Abstract

This large population study establishes a prevalence of IBD, UC, and CD (348, 202, and 146 per 100,000, respectively) in the military health care population. The prevalence of IBD, UC, and CD was higher in females and with increasing age, whereas IBD was most common in whites compared with other ethnicities in our patient population.

Sex- and corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 2- dependent actions of urocortin 1 during inflammation

“…The upper GI tract has twice as large the pore size and thus greater permeability to the flow of solutes than does the lower GI tract (19). Moreover, during experimental colitis, the sex-specific difference we found in plasma extravasation was abrogated in CRF 2 Ht and CRF 2 KO mice in the colon. Our data from patients with CD show GI segment-specific modulations in CRF 2 and Ucn1 expression, with higher expression levels in the duodenum of male patients with CD.…”

“…Furthermore, p38 plays a key role in regulating TNF-␣ in primary human macrophages (6) and in regulating cytoprotective Hsp27 (40). Whether the CRF 2 and Ucn1 system shows any sex-specific modulation of p38 remains unknown. Overall, TNBS treatment significantly (P ϭ 0.0002) modulated phospho-p38 (p-p38) levels in the colon, and neither sex (P ϭ 0.093) nor genotype (P ϭ 0.909) had main effects on p-p38 levels (Fig.…”

“…Lymphocytes and macrophages secrete Ucn1, and specific immune cells express its receptor, CRF 2 , after activation by lipopolysaccharides and glucocorticoids (34). However, the role of the CRF system in modulating immune cell infiltration at the site of inflammation and whether sex differences exist remain unknown.…”

The Rates of Incidence and Prevalence of Inflamatory Bowel Diseases in Bolu/Düzce Region: Retrospective Cohort Study Between 2004-2013

“…Gelişmekte olan toplumlardaki bu artış, endüstrileşme ve batı yaşam tarzının yaygınlaşması ile paralellik göstermektedir (7,8). Diğer yandan, ÜK ve CH' nın insidansında etnik kökenin de etkili olduğu söylenebilir (16). İBH insidansının, Askenazi yahudileri ve Kafkas kökenlilerde daha yüksek, uzakdoğuda ve Güney Afrika bölgesinde daha düşük olması genetik yatkınlığı düşündürse de, insidansın gelişmiş ülkelere göç eden Asyalıların çocuklarında artış göstermesi çevresel etkenlerin de etkili olduğunu göstermektedir (5,9,(17)(18)(19)(20).…”

Microbial Neuro-Immune Interactions and the Pathophysiology of IBD

“…The onset of IBD is at a young age ranging initially from 20 to 39 years and with a second onset in patients over 60 years of age [4]. IBD affects both males and females, with a higher prevalence of CD in females and no major differences in UC patients [5]. The inflammation in UC is localized to the colonic superficial mucosa while the inflammation in CD is transmural and can be found anywhere along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, although the inflammation is predominantly located to the ileo-caecal area and the proximal colon [6,7].…”