Inflammatory biomarkers in type 2 diabetic patients: effect of glycemic control and impact of ldl subfraction phenotype

Abstract

BackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is associated with higher cardiovascular risk partly related to an increase in inflammatory parameters. The aim of this study was to determine the association of inflammatory biomarkers with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) subfraction phenotype and glycemic control in subjects with T2D and poor glycemic control.MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed comparing 122 subjects with T2D (59 ± 11 years old, body mass index 30.2 ± 5.6 kg/m2) with 54 control subjects. Patients with T2D were classified according to their LDL subfraction phenotype and inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein, Interleukin-6, Interleukin-8, Transforming growth factor β1, Monocyte chemotactic protein 1, Leptin, Adiponectin) were evaluated according to the degree of glycemic control, LDL phenotype and other clinical characteristics. Forty-two subjects with T2D were studied before and after 3 months of improving glycemic control by different strategies.ResultsPatients with T2D had higher C-reactive protein (CRP) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP1) levels and lower adiponectin concentration, compared to controls. T2D subjects with body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2 had higher CRP levels (5.2 ± 4.8 mg/l vs 3.7 ± 4.3 mg/l; p < 0.05). The presence of LDL phenotype B was related to higher levels of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) (53.92 ± 52.82 ng/l vs 31.35 ± 33.74 ng/l; p < 0.05) and lower levels of adiponectin (3663 ± 3044 ng/l vs 2723 ± 1776 ng/l; p < 0.05). The reduction of HbA1c from 9.5 ± 1.8% at baseline to 7.4 ± 0.8% was associated with a significant reduction of TGF-β1 (41.86 ± 32.84 ng/l vs 26.64 ± 26.91 ng/l; p = 0.02).ConclusionsSubjects with T2D, especially those with LDL phenotype B and obesity, have higher levels of inflammatory biomarkers. Improvement of glycemic control reduces TGF-β1 levels, which may contribute partly to its renoprotective role.

The Modifying Impact of Long-Term Endurance Training on Inflammatory Cytokine IL-1B Level and VO2max in Premenopausal Women with Abdominal Obesity

“…Obesity is not only associated with chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and cancer, but is also a cause of mortality (1). The results of previous studies in Iran suggest that the obesity epidemic is growing rapidly and uncontrollably among children, youth, adolescents, and adults.…”

“…The results of previous studies in Iran suggest that the obesity epidemic is growing rapidly and uncontrollably among children, youth, adolescents, and adults. Physicians and health professionals in Iran consider obesity and overweight as risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and diabetes and underline the irreversible consequences of these conditions (1,2).…”

Extracellular matrix in obesity – cancer interactions

“…An increase in the body weight of patients with type-2 diabetes and obesity was reported to be accompanied with elevated TGF-β1 [55]. Similarly, it has been observed that in type-2 diabetic patients, TGF-β1 was positively related to low-density lipoprotein (LDL) subfraction phenotype B and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels [56]. Furthermore, in experimental animals, the expression levels of TGF-β were higher in the high-fat diet (HFD) group that exhibited insulin resistance [57].…”

Clinical and metabolic factors associated with chronic low-grade inflammation in type 2 diabetic patients

“…У больных СД2 выявлена связь уровня hsCRP с выраженностью коро-нарного атеросклероза [6,7] и толщиной интима-медиа сонных артерий [8]. В ряде работ показана связь концен-трации hsCRP с факторами риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний [9][10][11] и параметрами контроля глике-мии [12], хотя полученные результаты противоречивы. Показано, что и hsCRP, и α1-AGP являются предикто-рами смерти от сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний в те-чение года после инфаркта миокарда [13].…”