Abstract:Thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) is an uncommon to rare vasculitis of small and medium arteries and veins typically affecting young male smokers. Inflammatory arthritis has only been rarely reported in association with TAO. We describe the case of a young male smoker presenting with inflammatory arthritis as the initial manifestation of his TAO. His arthritis resolved with a course of corticosteroid therapy. The vascular disease improved with hyperbaric oxygen therapy, although he continued to smoke. Similar c… Show more
“…Moreover, corticosteroids and immunosuppressants, but not anti-thrombotic or vasodilator treatments, did improve the skin and joint manifestations of the disease whilst aggravating the limb ischemia and, in a case of mesenteric ischemia, led to perforation of the bowel, followed by death. 15 , 72 , 73 , 79 In terms of invasive treatments, bypass surgery had more acceptable outcomes in comparison to endovascular procedures, including stenting. However, more clinical evidence and clinical trials are needed to determine better management of patients with visceral TAO.…”
One of the challenges of thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) management is in the patients whose other vascular beds are involved and it remains a challenge to know whether to pursue invasive procedures or to continue medical treatment for such TAO patients. The aim of this review was to investigate reports of the involvement of the visceral vessels in TAO and the related clinical manifestations, management approaches and outcomes. According to our systematic review, the frequency of published articles, the organs most commonly involved were the gastrointestinal tract, the heart, the central nervous system, the eye, the kidneys, the urogenital system, the mucocutaneous zones, joints, lymphohematopoietic system and the ear. Notably, reports of the involvement of almost all organs have been made in relation to TAO. There were several reports of TAO presentation in other organs before disease diagnosis, in which the involvement of the extremities presented after visceral involvement. The characteristics of the visceral arteries looked like the arteries of the extremities according to angiography or aortography. Also, in autopsies of TAO patients, the vascular involvement of multiple organs has been noted. Moreover, systemic medical treatment could lead to the recovery of the patient from the onset of visceral TAO. This study reveals that TAO may be a systemic disease and patients should be aware of the possible involvement of other organs along with the attendant warning signs. Also, early systemic medical treatment of such patients may lead to better outcomes and reduce the overall mortality rate.
“…Moreover, corticosteroids and immunosuppressants, but not anti-thrombotic or vasodilator treatments, did improve the skin and joint manifestations of the disease whilst aggravating the limb ischemia and, in a case of mesenteric ischemia, led to perforation of the bowel, followed by death. 15 , 72 , 73 , 79 In terms of invasive treatments, bypass surgery had more acceptable outcomes in comparison to endovascular procedures, including stenting. However, more clinical evidence and clinical trials are needed to determine better management of patients with visceral TAO.…”
One of the challenges of thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) management is in the patients whose other vascular beds are involved and it remains a challenge to know whether to pursue invasive procedures or to continue medical treatment for such TAO patients. The aim of this review was to investigate reports of the involvement of the visceral vessels in TAO and the related clinical manifestations, management approaches and outcomes. According to our systematic review, the frequency of published articles, the organs most commonly involved were the gastrointestinal tract, the heart, the central nervous system, the eye, the kidneys, the urogenital system, the mucocutaneous zones, joints, lymphohematopoietic system and the ear. Notably, reports of the involvement of almost all organs have been made in relation to TAO. There were several reports of TAO presentation in other organs before disease diagnosis, in which the involvement of the extremities presented after visceral involvement. The characteristics of the visceral arteries looked like the arteries of the extremities according to angiography or aortography. Also, in autopsies of TAO patients, the vascular involvement of multiple organs has been noted. Moreover, systemic medical treatment could lead to the recovery of the patient from the onset of visceral TAO. This study reveals that TAO may be a systemic disease and patients should be aware of the possible involvement of other organs along with the attendant warning signs. Also, early systemic medical treatment of such patients may lead to better outcomes and reduce the overall mortality rate.
“…In ammation is signi cantly correlated with thrombogenesis, and thrombosis and vasculitis are major ganrenes in many systemic in ammatory diseases, such as TAO, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-related vasculitis, Takayasu's arteritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and in ammatory bowel disease, etc [49,50]. Plenty of researches also showed that in ammation-associated cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-17, IL-23, IL-6 and Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were associated with TAO [51][52][53][54]. In our study, we also certi ed that NP or MFS in combination with NDDM dramatically decreased IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α levels, indicating that he combination of NP or MFS and NDDM inhibited in ammation-associated cytokines.…”
Background: Thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO), also known as Buerger's disease, is an occlusive arterial disease. However, the pathogenesis of TAO is still unclear. Research has shown that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has significant advantages in the treatment of TAO. Our purpose is to explore the underlying roles of TCM in combination with nibble debridement and dressing method (NDDM) in TAO rat model.Methods: 10 mg/ml sodium laurate was utilized to establish a TAO rat model, and then the TAO mode rats were treated with notoginseng powder (NP), maifusheng (MFS) or the combination of NP or MFS and NDDM. Ganrene’s classification and, blood rheology was evaluated; the pathological characteristics of rat limbs were examined by H&E staining and Masson staining; CD3+ and CD20+ levels were measured by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. In addition, inflammation-associated cytokines were analyzed by RT-qPCR, Western blot and ELISA assays. Results: ntegration NP or MFS and NDDM dramatically reduced the ganrene’s classification and affected blood rheology parameter of TAO model rats compared with NP and MFS alone. Meanwhile, NP or MFS in combination with NDDM decreased CD3+CD20+T cells, reduced thrombosis and inflammatory cell infiltration, and dramatically decreased the levels of inflammation-associated cytokines.Conclusion: Our results suggested that integration NP or MFS and NDDM could relieve the symptoms of TAO model rats induced by sodium laurate, which might provide new management strategy for TAO.
“…The pathology of TAO is inflammatory cell infiltration caused by vascular inflammation ( 17 ). Therefore, some scholars believe that TAO is a form of autoimmune inflammatory disease ( 18 ).…”
The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of revascularization in treating patients with thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO), to analyze the prognosis of TAO. The treatment group comprised 32 patients with TAO of lower limbs who were selected between March 2012 and March 2017. Patients in the treatment group were treated with revascularization (vascular bypass surgery, catheter-directed thrombolysis and angioplasty, endovascular angioplasty + stening, thromboectomy and/or endarterectomy) + Western medicine. Another 33 patients with TAO who were treated with Western medicine alone comprised the control group. Treatment outcomes were compared between the groups. Serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were also detected and compared between the groups. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify the factors related to prognosis. Compared with control group, treatment outcomes were significantly better in the treatment group (P<0.05). After treatment, the serum levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α significantly decreased in both groups, and the decrease in the treatment group was more significant (P<0.01). Multivariate analysis revealed that vascular bypass surgery and preoperative ischemic degree are associated with treatment effect. Our results show that revascularization treatment of TAO is conducive to clinical symptoms and dysfunction of inflammatory cytokines, and the type of surgery and surgical timing significantly affect treatment outcomes.
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