Inflammation the Kingpin of Chronic Diseases Naturopathy as an alternative source of treatment: An updated overview

Abstract

Inflammation involves a sequence of events which can be categorized under three phases viz. acute transient phase, delayed sub-acute phase and chronic proliferate phase. Inflammatory mediators develop due to enhanced vascular permeability and leads to local edema. It is followed by the migration of leukocytes and phagocytes from blood to vascular tissues which is the second phase, in the third phase, tissue degradation is followed by fibrosis. There is a powerful link between chronic diseases and chronic inflammatory disorders. Chronic low-level inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of these several diseases like Heart disease, Cancer, Chronic lower respiratory disease, Stroke, Alzheimer’s, Diabetes, and Nephritis. The harmful side effects of synthetic drugs are numerous and there stands up the need of herbal drugs which are cost effective and free from side-effects. Several traditional ayurvedic phytomedicines have been used in the treatment of inflammatory disorders like Ocimum sanctum, Hypericum peroratum, Boswellic serrata, Ficus racemosa etc. which act as natural anti-inflammatory agents that can help in reducing the complications associated with chronic diseases.
 Key Words: Inflammation, Chronic-low level inflammation, Cancer, Diabetes, Phytomedicines

Protective Effect of Resveratrol Improves Systemic Inflammation Responses in LPS-Injected Lambs

“…An intrajugular injection of 2.5 μg/kg LPS resulted in different expressions of inflammation-related genes in ewes [2]. Yates et al [27] reported that an intrajugular injection of 0.75 and 1.5 μg/kg LPS caused a dose-dependent inflammatory response, manifested as an increase in rectal temperature, serum cortisol, and serum insulin. A single injection of LPS in animals only induced a short-term acute immune stress, which caused a sharp increase in plasma concentrations of inflammatory cytokines that returned to the pre-injection levels after 4 to 8 h [2,27,28].…”

“…Yates et al [27] reported that an intrajugular injection of 0.75 and 1.5 μg/kg LPS caused a dose-dependent inflammatory response, manifested as an increase in rectal temperature, serum cortisol, and serum insulin. A single injection of LPS in animals only induced a short-term acute immune stress, which caused a sharp increase in plasma concentrations of inflammatory cytokines that returned to the pre-injection levels after 4 to 8 h [2,27,28]. Therefore, to reduce the tolerance and avoid the risk of mortality due to LPS in lambs in the present study, an initial dose of 0.25, 1.25, or 2.5 μg/kg LPS was injected every other day with a dose increase of 20% each time to examine the putative effect of resveratrol on inflammatory responses.…”