Bunium persicum(BOISS)B.Fedtsch belonging to family Apiaceae is native to the region of the limited zones of the West Asia, Kherman and grows to the areas of North Khorasan and Kheraman, East of the Zagros range to Bandar Abbaas and south area of the Albroz range in Iran. It is also found in North western parts of Himalayas. Bunium persicum is found growing naturally in sub-alpine and alpine habitats of North Western Himalayas. It is a perennial herb, dwarf 30cm to tall 80cm and its flowers are small, white in color. Keywords: Bunium persicum, Apiaceae, North-Western Himalayas, Perrenial Herb

Inflammation involves a sequence of events which can be categorized under three phases viz. acute transient phase, delayed sub-acute phase and chronic proliferate phase. Inflammatory mediators develop due to enhanced vascular permeability and leads to local edema. It is followed by the migration of leukocytes and phagocytes from blood to vascular tissues which is the second phase, in the third phase, tissue degradation is followed by fibrosis. There is a powerful link between chronic diseases and chronic inflammatory disorders. Chronic low-level inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of these several diseases like Heart disease, Cancer, Chronic lower respiratory disease, Stroke, Alzheimer’s, Diabetes, and Nephritis. The harmful side effects of synthetic drugs are numerous and there stands up the need of herbal drugs which are cost effective and free from side-effects. Several traditional ayurvedic phytomedicines have been used in the treatment of inflammatory disorders like Ocimum sanctum, Hypericum peroratum, Boswellic serrata, Ficus racemosa etc. which act as natural anti-inflammatory agents that can help in reducing the complications associated with chronic diseases. Key Words: Inflammation, Chronic-low level inflammation, Cancer, Diabetes, Phytomedicines

Herbal medicines as the major remedy in traditional system of medicine have been used in medical practices since antiquity. The plants of genus Ajuga are evergreen, clump-forming rhizomatous perennial or annual herbaceous flowering species, with Ajuga being one of the 266 genera of the family Lamiaceae. There are at least 301 species of the genus Ajuga with many variations. Ajugabracteosa Wall. ex Benth (A. bracteosa) is an important medicinal plant of Himalaya regions. Medicinal potential is due to presence of of various pharmacologically active compounds such as neo-clerodane diterpenoids, flavonol glycosides, iridoid glycosides, ergosterol-5,8- endoperoxide and phytoecdysones. The aim of this review article was to gather information about A. bracteosa which is currently scattered in form of various publications. This review article tried to attract the attention from people for therapeutic potential of A. bracteosa. The present review comprises upto date information of,traditional uses, botanical aspects, active ingredients and pharmacological activities such as antitumor, antimicrobial, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, cardiotonic activity, antiarthritic activity, antioxidant activity . A large variety of compounds have so far been isolated from Ajuga bracteosa. Keywords:  Ajuga bracteosa, Herbal medicines, pharmacological activities.

Introduction: Salvia moorcroftiana Wall. ex Benth. belongs to genus Salvia, which is one of the largest genera from Lamiaceae family, which compromises about 900 species and is widely distributed in Kashmir valley. It is used medicinally in guinea worm infection, itching, colic, dysentery and boils. Objective: The present study deals with Pharmacognostic parameters of the aerial part of Salvia moorcroftiana Wall. ex Benth. Materials and Methods: The aerial part of Salvia moorcroftiana Wall. ex Benth was collected, shade dried for about 3 weeks and powdered by using mechanical grinder and the powered aerial part of plant material was evaluated for Pharmacognostic parameters by standard methods. The various fractions of Salvia moorcroftiana were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening for the presence of various Phytoconstituents. The microscopy of the aerial part of Salvia moorcroftiana Wall. ex Benth revealed the presence of stomata, covering trichome, calcium-oxalate crystals and multicellular-headed glandular trichome. Results: Proximate analysis of the aerial part of Salvia moorcroftiana showed that the dried plant powder has 6.5 % total ash value, 1.0 % acid insoluble ash value, 0.2 % sulphated ash value. Loss on drying was found to be 5.4 %. The fractions of Salvia moorcroftiana were found to contain various phytoconstituents. Fluorescence analysis of the plant powder showed the behavour, when treated with different chemical reagents. Conclusion: The current study showed the microscopical characters, the preliminary phytochemical screening and the proximate analysis of the aerial part of Salvia moorcroftiana. Information collected from such studies can be used as benchmark in the quality control of this plant as a herbal medicine for treatment of various disease.

To combat a variety of liver ailments medicinal plants may serve as a vital source because of presence of pharmacologically active phytoconstituents. It is very interesting to note that there is no drug available in the modem system of medicine for treating hepatic disorders; only certain herbal preparations are available to treat this quite vulnerable disease. A large number of plants with hepatoprotective activity are present but only handful of herbs have such scientific support. Herbal medicines have been used to alleviate liver disorders for many centuries and have currently become a favorable therapy for pathological liver disease. Keywords: Liver disease, Herb, Hepatoprotective activity