Inferring other people's states of mind: Comparison across social anxiety, body dysmorphic, and obsessive–compulsive disorders

Buhlmann, Ulrike; Wacker, Renata; Dziobek, Isabel

doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.06.003

Cited by 61 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Furthermore, many tasks focus on a specific aspect of social cognition (e.g., the ability to identify emotions from either facial expression or vocal or narrative information), whereas in real life individuals need to integrate all these different modalities (e.g., facial, bodily, paralinguistic, auditory and contextual cues) to make sense of others and to function in a socially appropriate way. Only one study used such a multimodal task in OCD patients (74). Interestingly, this study showed no differences in performance between patients and healthy controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Some of these studies find deficits in both affective and cognitive ToM (73,80) whereas in other studies deficits are limited to (social-)cognitive and higher-order domains (76,79). Yet other studies, however, show no clear deficits (36,47,74,77,78). The observed ToM deficits seem to depend in part on more general cognitive abilities (73,79), which is unsurprising as ToM tasks draw upon general cognitive and verbal abilities to a much greater extent than lower-level processes such as emotion recognition [see, e.g., (91)].…”

Section: Section Summary and Discussion: Mentalizing/tommentioning

confidence: 98%

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Social Cognition and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Review of Subdomains of Social Functioning

2020

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Disturbances in social cognitive processes such as the ability to infer others' mental states importantly contribute to social and functional impairments in psychiatric disorders. Yet, despite established social, emotional, and cognitive problems, the role of social cognition in obsessive-compulsive disorder is largely overlooked. The current review provides a first comprehensive overview of social (neuro)cognitive disturbances in adult patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Results of our review indicate various social cognitive alterations. Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder show deficits in the recognition of affective social cues, specifically facial expressions of disgust, and more general deficits in theory of mind/mentalizing. Additionally, patients show heightened affective reactions and altered neural responding to emotions of self and others, as well as poor emotion regulation skills, which may contribute to poor social functioning of patients. However, the discrepancies in findings and scarcity of studies make it difficult to draw firm conclusions with regard to the specificity of social cognitive disturbances. The review offers directions for future research and highlights the need to investigate obsessive-compulsive disorder from an interactive social neurocognitive perspective in addition to the prevalent passive spectator perspective to advance our understanding of this intricate and burdensome disorder.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Section Summary and Discussion: Mentalizing/tommentioning

confidence: 98%

Social Cognition and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Review of Subdomains of Social Functioning

2020

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“…Another strength of this task is that it offers the opportunity to compute affective and cognitive scores by dissociating items related to these two ToM subcomponents. The MASC has been widely used in neurological and psychiatric populations, notably showing that ToM is preserved in obsessive‐compulsive disorders (Buhlmann et al., ) but is globally impaired in multiple sclerosis (Kraemer et al., ), borderline personality disorder (Ritter et al., ), and unipolar depression (Wolkenstein et al., ). Error analysis also allowed to go beyond the mere description of ToM impairment; for example, in schizophrenia positive correlations have been found between overmentalizing and positive symptoms (Fretland et al., ), and between undermentalizing and negative symptoms (Montag et al., ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Dissociating Affective and Cognitive Theory of Mind in Recently Detoxified Alcohol‐Dependent Individuals

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Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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Ecological ToM evaluation shows that alcohol dependence is not related to a generalized ToM deficit but rather to dissociation between a preserved cognitive subcomponent and an impaired affective one. These results underscore the importance of ecological measures to precisely investigate each subcomponent of social cognition in alcohol-dependent individuals. They further show that alcohol dependence is closely associated with emotional-affective impairments, pointing to the need to develop rehabilitation programs focusing on these components in clinical settings.

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“…One of the hallmark features of BDD is social avoidance, which results directly from concerns that others are negatively evaluating their appearance. People with BDD are less accurate in identifying others' thoughts and intentions in a video-based test for mind reading difficulties (Buhlmann, Wacker, & Dziobek, 2015). Individuals with BDD are less accurate in identifying facial expressions conveying a neutral or disgust expression (Buhlmann, McNally, Etcoff, Tuschen-Caffier, & Wilhelm, 2004), misidentify neutral expressions as conveying anger or contempt (Buhlmann, Etcoff, & Wilhelm, 2006), and attribute others' emotional expressions more often to themselves (internal attributions) than to the situation (external attributions) (Buhlmann et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Individuals with BDD are less accurate in identifying facial expressions conveying a neutral or disgust expression (Buhlmann, McNally, Etcoff, Tuschen-Caffier, & Wilhelm, 2004), misidentify neutral expressions as conveying anger or contempt (Buhlmann, Etcoff, & Wilhelm, 2006), and attribute others' emotional expressions more often to themselves (internal attributions) than to the situation (external attributions) (Buhlmann et al, 2006). People with BDD are less accurate in identifying others' thoughts and intentions in a video-based test for mind reading difficulties (Buhlmann, Wacker, & Dziobek, 2015). These biases in social cognition extend to interpretive biases for threat in social scenarios (Buhlmann et al, 2002;Clerkin & Teachman, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intranasal oxytocin modulates higher order social cognition in body dysmorphic disorder

2019

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Background: Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a psychiatric disorder with specific impairments in social cognition related to excessive concerns about one's appearance. Individuals with BDD have difficulty identifying emotional expressions and attribute internal factors for others' emotional expressions in self-referent (but not other-referent) scenarios. Given the role of oxytocin in regulating social approach behavior and social salience, we hypothesized that oxytocin would improve biases in emotion recognition, attributions, and threat interpretations in individuals with BDD, compared to healthy controls (HCs). This is the first study to examine the effects of oxytocin in people with BDD.Methods: Eighteen participants with BDD and 16 HCs received a single dose of 24 international units of intranasal oxytocin (Syntocinon R ) or matching placebo in a randomized, placebocontrolled, within-subject crossover design. Participants completed the Emotion Recognition Task and Interpretation Questionnaire 45 min after administration. Results:Oxytocin, relative to placebo, did not improve emotion recognition accuracy in either selfreferent or other-referent contexts for individuals with BDD. However, oxytocin led to greater internal attributions in other-referent contexts for those with BDD compared to HCs. Rather than reducing self-blame, oxytocin led to other-directed blame. Oxytocin did not impact threat interpretations in BDD. Conclusions:Oxytocin may only impact specific aspects of higher order social cognition in BDD and may have unwanted effects on emotion attributions. Our results caution its clinical use in BDD. K E Y W O R D Sbody dysmorphic disorder, emotion recognition, other, oxytocin, self, social cognition

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Inferring other people's states of mind: Comparison across social anxiety, body dysmorphic, and obsessive–compulsive disorders

Cited by 61 publications

References 26 publications

Social Cognition and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Review of Subdomains of Social Functioning

Social Cognition and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Review of Subdomains of Social Functioning

Dissociating Affective and Cognitive Theory of Mind in Recently Detoxified Alcohol‐Dependent Individuals

Intranasal oxytocin modulates higher order social cognition in body dysmorphic disorder

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