Inferior predilection of Lisch nodules with ptosis

Abstract

Abstract-Objective:To determine the distribution of apolipoprotein (a) (apo [a]) isoforms and their relation to the clinical severity of different ischemic stroke subtypes. Methods: Ninety-four hospital cases with a first-ever ischemic stroke and 188 randomly selected control subjects matched for age, gender, and ethnicity were enrolled. Stroke etiology was defined according to Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment criteria. NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was used to assess the severity of stroke on admission Results: In univariate analysis, the presence of at least one small apo(a) isoform was associated with ischemic stroke in men (p ϭ 0.02) but not in women (p ϭ 0.33). After allowance for age, gender and traditional vascular risk factors, subjects carrying at least one small apo(a) isoform were at increased risk of atherothrombotic stroke (odds ratio [OR] 7.1, 95% CI 2.8 to 17.5, p ϭ 0.00001) but not of lacunar infarction (OR 1.1, 95% CI 0.5 to 2.7, p ϭ 0.78). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that in the atherothrombotic stroke group, the presence of at least one small-sized apo(a) phenotype was associated with an NIHSS score Ն6 (OR 13.6, 95% CI 1.6 to 111.9, p ϭ 0.015). Conclusion: Small apolipoprotein (a) isoforms distinguish atherothrombotic stroke from lacunar infarction and are associated with the severity of atherothrombotic stroke.

A Quantitative Assessment of the Burden and Distribution of Lisch Nodules in Adults with Neurofibromatosis Type 1

“…The unequal distribution of Lisch nodules in the iris is hypothesized to be secondary to the relative shielding of the superior hemifield (half) of the iris from sunlight-derived UV radiation (hereafter, “UV radiation”) by the eyelid and eyebrow 12, 21…”