Infectious Diseases, Biodiversity and Global Changes: How the Biodiversity Sciences May Help

Morand, Serge

doi:10.5772/24751

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 137 publications

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“…Zoonotic diseases spilling over from wild species to humans typically involve multiple hosts and/or vectors species, which happen to be the case for many of the Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD) such as Chagas disease, leishmaniasis, Human African Trypanosomiasis, Onchocerciasis or Schistosomiasis. Understanding how changes in the diversity of those communities affect the transmission of human pathogens is then highly topical in the context of global changes [ 4 – 6 ], and is critical to the evaluation of ecosystem services and Eco-Health approaches intended to reduce the burden of NTD and other infectious diseases [ 7 – 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amazonian Triatomine Biodiversity and the Transmission of Chagas Disease in French Guiana: In Medio Stat Sanitas

et al. 2016

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The effects of biodiversity on the transmission of infectious diseases now stand as a cornerstone of many public health policies. The upper Amazonia and Guyana shield are hot-spots of biodiversity that offer genuine opportunities to explore the relationship between the risk of transmission of Chagas disease and the diversity of its triatomine vectors. Over 730 triatomines were light-trapped in four geomorphological landscapes shaping French-Guiana, and we determined their taxonomic status and infection by Trypanosoma cruzi. We used a model selection approach to unravel the spatial and temporal variations in species abundance, diversity and infection. The vector community in French-Guiana is typically made of one key species (Panstrongylus geniculatus) that is more abundant than three secondary species combined (Rhodnius pictipes, Panstrongylus lignarius and Eratyrus mucronatus), and four other species that complete the assemblage. Although the overall abundance of adult triatomines does not vary across French-Guiana, their diversity increases along a coastal-inland gradient. These variations unravelled a non-monotonic relationship between vector biodiversity and the risk of transmission of Chagas disease, so that intermediate biodiversity levels are associated with the lowest risks. We also observed biannual variations in triatomine abundance, representing the first report of a biannual pattern in the risk of Chagas disease transmission. Those variations were highly and negatively correlated with the average monthly rainfall. We discuss the implications of these patterns for the transmission of T. cruzi by assemblages of triatomine species, and for the dual challenge of controlling Amazonian vector communities that are made of both highly diverse and mostly intrusive species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amazonian Triatomine Biodiversity and the Transmission of Chagas Disease in French Guiana: In Medio Stat Sanitas

et al. 2016

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“…Biodiversity may be related to infectious diseases at any of the following levels: the genetic variation of pathogens, vectors, and hosts; the number of species within each of these groups; the competition between species; the diversity of habitats in an ecosystem; or changes in animal behavior (9). Emerging in-fectious diseases of wildlife are generally related to habitat loss and fragmentation, overexploitation, introduction of invasive alien species, environmental pollution, and anthropogenic climate change (3,(10)(11)(12)(13). There are many examples of emerging infectious diseases that have been clearly driven by direct human interventions that have altered exposure to pathogens and facilitated the transmission of disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Infectious Diseases of Wildlife and Species Conservation

Medina-Vogel¹

2013

Microbiol Spectr

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There has been an increase in the emergence and reemergence of human infectious diseases on a global scale, and zoonotic diseases in which wildlife serves as the reservoir are a large contributing factor. Faced with this situation, there is a necessity to create integrated prevention strategies and predictive models to determine the sites most vulnerable to the emergence of new zoonoses. Cases have been documented in which pathogens responsible for infectious diseases in wild species have been readily transmitted between hosts and have threatened vulnerable declining populations. Habitat destruction and man-made changes in the landscape together with the introduction of alien species are significant environmental variables that affect the ecology of infectious diseases. Thus, the loss of biodiversity is illustrated to be related to both the emergence of new or the exacerbation of existing vector-borne zoonotic diseases through mechanisms such as the loss of the dilution effect and ecological release and simplification. Hence, it is important to consider this factor when assessing disease risk and disease prevention in domestic animals and humans. Diseases like leptospirosis in which water plays an important role are ecosystem health diseases; in fact, the reported higher prevalence of Leptospira spp. in river otters in southern Chile compared with species less adapted to aquatic environments and with terrestrial domestic carnivores provides evidence that man-made landscape alterations, including the introduction of alien species, has exacerbated the transmission and prevalence of leptospirosis in wildlife and thus the risk of human infection.

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Biodiversity and Global Health: Intersection of Health, Security, and the Environment

et al. 2021

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Infectious Diseases, Biodiversity and Global Changes: How the Biodiversity Sciences May Help

Cited by 4 publications

References 137 publications

Amazonian Triatomine Biodiversity and the Transmission of Chagas Disease in French Guiana: In Medio Stat Sanitas

Amazonian Triatomine Biodiversity and the Transmission of Chagas Disease in French Guiana: In Medio Stat Sanitas

Emerging Infectious Diseases of Wildlife and Species Conservation

Biodiversity and Global Health: Intersection of Health, Security, and the Environment

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