Infectious Complications after Spinal Cord Injury

Farhad, Abbasi; Korooni, S.

doi:10.5772/intechopen.72783

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Respiratory failure in SCI was caused by several mechanisms including weakness of the respiratory muscles, impaired cardiovascular function and autonomic nerves, pulmonary edema, prolonged bed rest, and impaired cough function [16]. While sepsis in cervical injury patients could be caused by several pathologies, including urinary tract infection due to repeated insertion of Foley catheters or impairment of bladder emptying, skin and soft tissue infection, such as pressure ulcer, surgical osteomyelitis, and pneumonia due to sputum retention [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A demographic profile of cervical injury: an Indonesian single tertiary hospital study with 6 months to 1-year follow-up

Widhiyanto

Japamadisaw

Hernugrahanto

2021

Egypt J Neurol Psychiatry Neurosurg

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Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) can cause considerable morbidity and mortality. Until now there is no spinal cord injury profile in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aims to provide an overview of the spinal cord injury profile as well as to analyze the functional outcome at the sixth month and the first year. Results Most spinal cord injury cases were traumatic SCI (67.5%). Meanwhile, non-traumatic SCI was 32.5%. The mean age of patients who had traumatic SCI was 41.9 ± 17.4 years while non-traumatic SCI patients was 48.4 ± 13.7 with a significant difference (p < 0.05). Most cases occurred in men rather than women with significant differences based on the type of injury (p < 0.05). Traffic accidents were the most common cause of cervical injuries (47.1%). Surgery was the most common treatment modality in cervical injury cases (60.4%) with the posterior approach being the preferred approach in most operative measures (72.4%). Respiratory failure was the leading cause of death (48.9%). The mean LOS of patients with traumatic SCI was 28.8 ± 14.3 days while the mean LOS of non-traumatic SCI patients was 44.7 ± 28.7 with a significant difference (p < 0.05). There was significance difference between the initial outcome and after the sixth month to first year follow-up (p < 0.05). Conclusions This study demonstrated the epidemiology and characteristics of spinal cord injury which mostly had a good neurological outcome.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A demographic profile of cervical injury: an Indonesian single tertiary hospital study with 6 months to 1-year follow-up

Widhiyanto

Japamadisaw

Hernugrahanto

2021

Egypt J Neurol Psychiatry Neurosurg

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“…Although not the most common infection in the SCI population, osteomyelitis can frequently develop from an extension of infection from pressure ulcers. The individual’s inability to change position due to impaired motor function or decreased sensation leads to reduced tissue perfusion, thus increasing the patient’s susceptibility to developing pressure ulcers [ 2 ]. The most common source of osteomyelitis in SCI patients is a local infection from pressure ulcers at bony prominences, which include sacrum, ischial tuberosity, trochanteric area, and malleoli [ 1 , 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The individual’s inability to change position due to impaired motor function or decreased sensation leads to reduced tissue perfusion, thus increasing the patient’s susceptibility to developing pressure ulcers [ 2 ]. The most common source of osteomyelitis in SCI patients is a local infection from pressure ulcers at bony prominences, which include sacrum, ischial tuberosity, trochanteric area, and malleoli [ 1 , 2 ]. The localization of osteomyelitis involving the hand or wrist is uncommon in the general population, especially in the absence of trauma or other sites of boney infection [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Rare Case of Carpal Osteomyelitis in a Spinal Cord Injury Patient: A Case Report

Copeland¹,

Blanchard²,

Saito³

2023

Cureus

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Osteomyelitis of the carpal bones is rare and usually occurs in the setting of penetrating trauma. Here, to our knowledge, we report the first known documented case of carpal osteomyelitis in a spinal cord injury (SCI) patient and discuss the medical management of this patient.A 62-year-old male with a remote history of traumatic SCI at T5 American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale (AIS) A and a history of IV polysubstance abuse presented to an acute care hospital for acute non-traumatic right dorsal wrist pain. Initial hand and wrist X-rays were negative for acute findings. After eight weeks of continued symptoms, severely impaired activities of daily living, and decreased independence, the patient was admitted to acute rehabilitation. MRI showed bone edema changes involving the distal radius, scaphoid, lunate, majority of the capitate, and hamate, concerning possible osteomyelitis. A CT-guided biopsy of the scaphoid confirmed methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) osteomyelitis. He completed a seven-day course of IV vancomycin followed by 12 weeks of oral doxycycline. A follow-up positron emission tomography (PET) scan showed no evidence of osteomyelitis, and the patient returned to a baseline functional status of modified independence for most activities of daily living.Carpal osteomyelitis in SCI patients is rare and can be challenging to diagnose, given that it can present with a lack of systemic symptoms and nonspecific laboratory markers. This is the first documented case of carpal osteomyelitis involving an SCI individual. The continuation of diminishing hand mobility, function, and independence should prompt further workup with MRI to rule out uncommon but potentially debilitating diseases such as osteomyelitis.

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“…6,7 Not only do infectious complications hold a bigger risk of morbidity and mortality but also precipitate higher cost of management. 8…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acute abdominal emergencies such as gastrointestinal bleeding, peptic ulcer perforation, and pancreatitis are often missed since the loss of sensation circumstances. 8…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectious diseases as complications following spinal cord injury

Nolan

Mahadewa

2021

Neurologico Spinale Medico Chirurgico

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Background: Infectious complications in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients can increase the mortality and morbidity of the patients. The inability to do daily activity is the main cause of the occurrence of infectious complications. Good understanding and high awareness are needed to notice some infectious complications which are difficult to be diagnosed. Method: This paper is a literature review which was done by reviewing and searching journals with “infectious complication”, “spinal cord injury”, “infection” on the search engines. The authors found 52 articles are suitable to be composed as references for this paper. Outcome: Several infectious complications may occur following the incidence of SCI and have a lot of disadvantages. The causes of these infections are multifactorial. Urinary tract infection, infected pressure ulcer, pneumonia, and some other infectious diseases may appear as complications. Extra care in hygiene and sanitation is needed, besides, high awareness is needed to discover these complications. Conclusion: Monitoring post-SCI complications are complex and difficult. A high level of suspicion should be raised with frequent aseptic actions and procedures. Appropriate management including non-surgical or surgical procedures can be chosen to achieve the best outcomes. Early diagnosis and management are critical for the best treatment results.

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Infectious Complications after Spinal Cord Injury

Cited by 8 publications

References 50 publications

A demographic profile of cervical injury: an Indonesian single tertiary hospital study with 6 months to 1-year follow-up

A demographic profile of cervical injury: an Indonesian single tertiary hospital study with 6 months to 1-year follow-up

A Rare Case of Carpal Osteomyelitis in a Spinal Cord Injury Patient: A Case Report

Infectious diseases as complications following spinal cord injury

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