Infectious diseases after spinal cord injury (SCI) are important. They can cause mortality and morbidity. The SCI patients usually stay in hospital or rehabilitation units for a long time, and this can cause several complications for them. Infectious complications: There are several infectious complications in these patients. Pressure ulcers that may be infected, soft tissue infections, osteomyelitis, pneumonia, urinary tract infection, bacteremia, meningitis, epidural abscess, and subdural empyema are important complications. These diseases should be diagnosed and managed promptly, before leading to irreversible complications or death. Diagnosis: Diagnosis is made by physical examinations; laboratory tests like wound, urine, tracheal secretion, and blood culture with antibiogram; and radiologic evaluation like plain X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging may be used. Treatment: Appropriate antibiotics are cornerstone of infectious complications. Offloading is important for treatment of pressure ulcers and subsequent complications such as soft tissue infection and osteomyelitis. Prevention: Intermittent urinary catheterization and prophylactic antibiotic therapy can decrease UTI. Pressure relief, position changes, and regular and frequent observation of skin will prevent pressure ulcers, soft tissue infections, and osteomyelitis. Pulmonary toilet, appropriate positioning, and cough assistance can be useful for clearing retained secretions and preventing pneumonia.
Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been identified as the most crucial threat of the century. Due to severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the SARS-CoV-2 can cause shortness of breath, hypoxemia, and the need to mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit (ICU) management, and eventual death. We have tried to use a non-invasive approach to prevent patient from needing respiratory support with invasive ventilation (IV). Here, for the first time, improvement of oxygen delivery and oxygen saturation levels were observed in a COVID-19 patient using packed red blood cells (PRBCs) transfusion.Case presentation: A 63-year-old man with a history of smoking and addiction who came to our hospital facility with fever, shortness of breath and decreased blood oxygen saturation. High-resolution chest CT revealed bilateral and multifocal ground-glass opacities consistent with COVID-19. Subsequently, the COVID-19 infection was confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay of the upper respiratory tract. Conclusions: Oxygen delivery and oxygen saturation improvement were observed in the COVID-19 patient, after PRBCs transfusions.
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