Infant predictors of preschool and adult IQ: A study of infant twins and their parents.

DiLalla, Lisabeth F.; Thompson, Lee A.; Plomin, Robert; Phillips, Kay; Fagan, Joseph F.; Haith, Marshall M.; Cyphers, Lisa; Fulker, David W.

doi:10.1037/0012-1649.26.5.759

Cited by 121 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…2 to 8 months) and childhood measures of intelligence (i.e. 1 to 12 years) is temporally stable or even increasing (Cardon & Fulker 1991, DiLalla et al 1990, rather than decreasing over time. In contrast, relative stability after infancy is rather well described on the basis of quasi-simplex assumptions (Humphreys & Davey 1988, Molenaar et al 1991.…”

Section: Relative Interindividual Stability After Infancy Formentioning

confidence: 99%

LIFESPAN PSYCHOLOGY: Theory and Application to Intellectual Functioning

Baltes

Staudinger

Lindenberger

1999

Annu. Rev. Psychol.

1,024

736

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The focus of this review is on theory and research of lifespan (lifespan developmental) psychology. The theoretical analysis integrates evolutionary and ontogenetic perspectives on cultural and human development across several levels of analysis. Specific predictions are advanced dealing with the general architecture of lifespan ontogeny, including its directionality and age-differential allocation of developmental resources into the three major goals of developmental adaptation: growth, maintenance, and regulation of loss. Consistent with this general lifespan architecture, a meta-theory of development is outlined that is based on the orchestrated and adaptive interplay between three processes of behavioral regulation: selection, optimization, and compensation. Finally, these propositions and predictions about the general nature of lifespan development are examined and supported by empirical evidence on the development of cognition and intelligence across the life span. CONTENTS

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Section: Relative Interindividual Stability After Infancy Formentioning

confidence: 99%

LIFESPAN PSYCHOLOGY: Theory and Application to Intellectual Functioning

Baltes

Staudinger

Lindenberger

1999

Annu. Rev. Psychol.

1,024

736

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The research assistant who spent the most time with the twins also completed this questionnaire. Parent and tester ratings were averaged to assess zygosity (as done in the Twin Infant Project [TIP], DiLalla et al, 1990, and the MacArthur Longitudinal Twin Study [MLTS], Emde, et al, 1992).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral Inhibition as a Function of Relationship in Preschool Twins and Siblings

DiLalla

Caraway²

2004

Twin Res

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M onozygotic (MZ) twins spend more time with each other and are more genetically alike than are dizygotic (DZ) twins or nontwin siblings and therefore probably experience less diversity in their playmates than DZ twins, who in turn may experience less diversity than other-age siblings. Thus MZ twins may be more inhibited than DZ twins, who may in turn be more inhibited than nontwin siblings. To test this, 205 children (42 MZ twins, 94 DZ twins, and 69 nontwin siblings) were assessed in a playroom laboratory during free play with an unfamiliar peer. Children's inhibition was rated based on latency to touch a toy for the first time and amount of time spent interacting with the other child. Additionally, the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) withdrawn scale was used to assess inhibition according to parent report. Behavioral ratings showed that MZ and DZ twins did not significantly differ on the inhibition or withdrawn ratings. DZ twins were significantly more inhibited than were nontwin siblings, according to laboratory ratings. Greater inhibition of twins during the free peer play situation can be explained by their relative lack of experience in playing with children who are less genetically and phenotypically like themselves. Parental ratings showed exactly the opposite pattern, suggesting a rater bias effect.Monozygotic (MZ) twins, who spend a lot of time with each other and are very much alike, may spend more time playing with each other than with other friends, and they may do this to a greater extent than do dizygotic (DZ) co-twins because MZ twins are more similar to each other genetically and therefore may have more similar interests and play behaviors. In one study of preteen twins, MZ twins reported each other as being one of their best friends more often than did DZ twins (Rose, 2002), suggesting that they play together more often than do DZ twins. Therefore, MZ twins probably experience less diversity in their playmates than do DZ twins. This lack of diverse experiences with other children may negatively impact MZ twins' behaviors with other children, leading them to be more inhibited than DZ twins or nontwins. Similarly, DZ twins, being the same age as each other, are likely to play together more often than do nontwin siblings, and therefore they may experience less diversity in their friendships than do nontwin siblings. Thus, in line with developmental social genetics theory (Scott, 1977), we would predict that MZ twins will be more socially withdrawn than DZ twins, who will be more withdrawn than nontwin siblings.This idea, based on the developmental social genetics theory that children's social interactions rely in part on the genotypes of each of the children (Segal, 1997), suggests that the degree to which two children share genotypes will influence the way in which they play together. Studies on cooperation among twin children have found that MZ twins are more cooperative with each other than are DZ twins (Segal, 1988;Segal & Hershberger, 1999). It may be the case that children who spend most of...

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“…The TIP, for which the ITS was recruited, developed and utilized the midtwin-midparent design as an alternative to traditional longitudinal twin study design (DiLalla et al, 1990). This experimental design used a regression of the average twin (midtwin) IQ score on average parental (midparent) IQ as the best estimate of the infants' mature IQ.…”

Section: Twin Infant Projectmentioning

confidence: 99%