Inertia response and frequency control techniques for renewable energy sources: A review

Dreidy, Mohammad; Mokhlis, Hazlie; Mekhilef, Saad

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2016.11.170

Cited by 673 publications

(401 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Thus, the power system will be deprived from the inertia response that could be given by the VSWTs. In such cases, a control technique is needed to support and regulate the frequency [8]. Figure 3 shows the impact of increasing the penetration level of wind turbine in the electric grid.…”

Section: Frequency Response In Conventional Power Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [8,24], a very simple structure of a proportional controller based on the difference between the grid frequency and its nominal value is proposed. This controller is similar to the droop controller in the conventional synchronous generators, which is normally used for supporting primary frequency control.…”

Section: Droop Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dreidy et al [8] generally split these control methods into two categories. The first one is with energy storage system where the additional power comes primarily from different energy storage devices such as batteries, super capacitors, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several control techniques are proposed in the literature to support the system frequency with increasing the penetration of the wind energy in the electric grid. Dreidy et al [8] generally split these control methods into two categories. The first one is with energy storage system where the additional power comes primarily from different energy storage devices such as batteries, super capacitors, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Primary Frequency Response Enhancement for Future Low Inertia Power Systems Using Hybrid Control Technique

2018

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Abstract:Maintaining the stability of a conventional power system during under frequency events is partially dominated by a natural behavior called inertial response. Although a variable speed wind turbine (VSWT) is fundamentally deprived from such behavior, it was shown recently that it can virtually emulate this response, hence increasing its output power given to the grid to sustain the power balance. This paper reviews and analyzes the performance of four primary frequency control structures, and provides comparison between these controllers in terms of security indices. The results reflect the superiority of the inertia emulation controller and the droop control type in low and high wind speed respectively. To enhance the system frequency control response and take any inherent advantage of each controller, this paper proposes two novel controllers based on combination (hybridization) strategy between the four controllers. The results show that the combination between the inertia emulation controller and the de-loading controller will lead to reducing the rate of change of frequency (ROCOF) and raising the frequency nadir (FN) values. Finally, the role of each discussed controller in determining the correlations among ROCOF, FN and wind power penetration level are explored.

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Section: Frequency Response In Conventional Power Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Droop Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Primary Frequency Response Enhancement for Future Low Inertia Power Systems Using Hybrid Control Technique

2018

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“…The application of power electronic convertors decouples rotation speed of generator from grid frequency, and this also decouples the inertia of wind turbine generator from mitigating microgrid transients [19]. Eventually, these power generators are unable to contribute to the frequency regulation as usual, which causes great reduction of power system frequency stability.…”

Section: Varaible-speed Wind Turbine Generator Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Linear Active Disturbance Rejection Control for Microgrid Frequency Regulation

Bai

2017

Energies

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Abstract:The frequency regulation has become one of the major subjects in microgrid power system due to the complexity structure of microgrid. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes an improved linear active disturbance rejection control algorithm (ILADRC) that can significantly improve system performances through changing feedback control law to reduce the disturbance estimation error of extended state observer. Then, the proposed algorithm is employed in microgrid power system frequency regulation problem, which demonstrates its effectiveness. The parameters of controllers are optimized by particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm improved by genetic algorithm (GA). Simulations with different disturbances including sudden and stochastic change of load demand and wind turbine generation are carried out in comparison with previous studies. And robustness testing based on Monte-Carlo approach also shows better performance. So frequency stability of microgrid power system can be well guaranteed by proposed control algorithm.

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Stability improvement of interconnected AC / DC multiarea AGC power systems using optimized virtual synchronous power strategy based on eigenvalues sensitivity and adaptive mixed GWO

Tebib

Boudour

2021

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

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Summary In this paper, a tuning approach for HVDC control technology based on virtual synchronous power (VSP) concept is developed and reflected in an extended multiarea automatic generation control (AGC) system including renewable energy sources (RES). A novel, nature‐inspired algorithm named adaptive mixed grey wolf (amixed GWO), which combines two improved versions of GWO, was recently proposed in order to effectively handle a problem with both discrete and continuous variables. This algorithm was first applied to optimize the VSP‐based controller parameters based on integral square error (ISE). The performance of the proposed algorithm has been compared with FMINCON's interior‐point algorithm to demonstrate its positive effects on the system stability. For better dynamic performances, a new optimization approach based on eigenvalues sensitivity analysis was proposed for the purpose of achieving optimal VSP control variables tuning for different power system structures. Simulation tests were performed to show the higher level of stability performance achieved by the proposed approach compared to the one based on ISE. Simulation results also revealed that the amixed GWO technique has better tuning capability in comparison with the other applied GWO versions.

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Inertia response and frequency control techniques for renewable energy sources: A review

Cited by 673 publications

References 59 publications

Primary Frequency Response Enhancement for Future Low Inertia Power Systems Using Hybrid Control Technique

Primary Frequency Response Enhancement for Future Low Inertia Power Systems Using Hybrid Control Technique

Improved Linear Active Disturbance Rejection Control for Microgrid Frequency Regulation

Stability improvement of interconnected AC / DC multiarea AGC power systems using optimized virtual synchronous power strategy based on eigenvalues sensitivity and adaptive mixed GWO

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