Primary Frequency Response Enhancement for Future Low Inertia Power Systems Using Hybrid Control Technique

Alsharafi, Abdulhameed S.; Besheer, Ahmad H.; Emara, Hassan M.

doi:10.3390/en11040699

Cited by 29 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…In order to provide an inertial response, at least one supplementary loop control is introduced into the power controller to increase the generated power by the wind power plant. This additional loop is only activated under power imbalances (i.e., frequency deviations), supplying the kinetic energy stored in the blades and generator to the grid as an additional active power for a few seconds [94]. The droop control provides an additional active power ΔP proportional to the frequency excursion Δf (see Figure 9), as the primary frequency control of conventional power plants.…”

Section: Wind Power Plant Frequency Control Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Virtual Inertia Techniques for Renewable Energy-Based Generators

Fernández‐Guillamón¹,

Gómez‐Lázaro²,

Muljadi³

et al. 2021

Renewable Energy - Technologies and Applications

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Over recent decades, the penetration of renewable energy sources (RES), especially photovoltaic and wind power plants, has been promoted in most countries. However, as these both alternative sources have power electronics at the grid interface (inverters), they are electrically decoupled from the grid. Subsequently, stability and reliability of power systems are compromised. Inertia in power systems has been traditionally determined by considering all the rotating masses directly connected to the grid. Thus, as the penetration of renewable units increases, the inertia of the power system decreases due to the reduction of directly connected rotating machines. As a consequence, power systems require a new set of strategies to include these renewable sources. In fact, 'hidden inertia,''synthetic inertia' and 'virtual inertia' are terms currently used to represent an artificial inertia created by inverter control strategies of such renewable sources. This chapter reviews the inertia concept and proposes a method to estimate the rotational inertia in different parts of the world. In addition, an extensive discussion on wind and photovoltaic power plants and their contribution to inertia and power system stability is presented.

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Section: Wind Power Plant Frequency Control Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Virtual Inertia Techniques for Renewable Energy-Based Generators

Fernández‐Guillamón¹,

Gómez‐Lázaro²,

Muljadi³

et al. 2021

Renewable Energy - Technologies and Applications

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“…With this aim, different frequency control approaches can be found in the specific literature to effectively replace conventional power plants by VSWTs and maintain a reliable power system operation [19]. These strategies are summarized in Figure 1 according to the different approaches [20,21]. VSWTs are designed to work in their maximum power point (MPP) according to the available wind speed s w : p MPP (s w ) [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Adaptive Control Scheme for Variable Speed Wind Turbines Providing Frequency Regulation in Isolated Power Systems with Thermal Generation

et al. 2020

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The lack of synchronous inertia, associated with the relevant penetration of variable speed wind turbines (VSWTs) into isolated power systems, has increased their vulnerability to strong frequency deviations. In fact, the activation of load shedding schemes is a common practice when an incident occurs, i.e., the outage of a conventional unit. Under this framework, wind power plants should actively contribute to frequency stability and grid reliability. However, the contribution of VSWTs to frequency regulation involves several drawbacks related to their efficiency and equipment wear due to electrical power requirements, rotational speed changes, and subsequently, shaft torque oscillations. As a result, wind energy producers are not usually willing to offer such frequency regulation. In this paper, a new control technique is proposed to optimize the frequency response of wind power plants after a power imbalanced situation. The proposed frequency controller depends on different power system parameters through a linear regression to determine the contribution of wind power plants for each imbalance condition. As a consequence, VSWTs frequency contribution is estimated to minimize their mechanical and electrical efforts, thus reducing their equipment wear. A group of sixty supply-side and imbalance scenarios are simulated and analyzed. Results of the case study are compared to previous proposals. The proposed adaptive control reduces the maximum torque and rotational speed variations while at the same time maintaining similar values of the load shedding program. Extensive results and discussion are included in the paper.

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“…Most of them are based on 'hidden inertia emulation', in order to enhance the inertia response of VSWTs [16,17]. A classification for different control strategies based on principles for inertia emulation concept can be found in [18]. One of the possible solutions to overcome this is called fast power reserve emulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Adaptive Frequency Strategy for Variable Speed Wind Turbines: Application to High Wind Integration Into Power Systems

et al. 2018

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This paper presents a new frequency controller for variable speed wind turbines connected to the grid under power imbalance conditions. It is based on the fast power reserve emulation technique, having two different operation modes: overproduction and recovery mode. In the first mode, the active power provided by wind turbines is set over the mechanical power, reducing their rotational speed. This overproduction power is estimated according to the frequency excursion. In the second mode, the active power is established under the mechanical power to recover the initial rotational speed through a smooth trajectory. The power system considered for simulation purposes includes thermal, hydro-power and wind-power plants. The controller proposed has been evaluated under different mix-generation scenarios implemented in Matlab/Simulink. Extensive results and comparison to previous proposals are also included in the paper.

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Primary Frequency Response Enhancement for Future Low Inertia Power Systems Using Hybrid Control Technique

Cited by 29 publications

References 25 publications

A Review of Virtual Inertia Techniques for Renewable Energy-Based Generators

A Review of Virtual Inertia Techniques for Renewable Energy-Based Generators

An Adaptive Control Scheme for Variable Speed Wind Turbines Providing Frequency Regulation in Isolated Power Systems with Thermal Generation

An Adaptive Frequency Strategy for Variable Speed Wind Turbines: Application to High Wind Integration Into Power Systems

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