Induksi Kalus serta Regenerasi Tunas dan Akar Cabai melalui Kultur In Vitro

Abstract

Callus Induction and Regeneration of Shoot and Root ofChill through In Vitro Culture. Ifa Manzila, Sri H. Hidayat, Ika Mariska, and Sriani Sujiprihati. In vitro culture is one way for a fast and effective plant propagation. This method is also useful for preliminary selection of plant resistance to disease, including the chili. In vitro propagation method for chili has not been widely reported. A study was conducted to obtain effective techniques for callus induction and regeneration into shoots on three red chili cultivars (cv) Gelora, Sudra, and Chili 109. The study consisted of four activities, namely the induction of callus formation, induction of embryogenic callus, callus regeneration into adventitious shoots, and root induction from the adventitious shoots. Murashige Skoog (MS) medium + 0.6% agar + 3% sucrose were used as basal medium, 20 ml/bottle. Young leaves, hypocotyls and root tips of 21-day-old chili seedlings were used as sources of explants. Each experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with 10 replications, one culture bottle for each treatment. The callus induction experiments using the explants of young leaf explants, hypocotyl, and root tips were done separately. Each treatment consisted of explants from the three chili cultivars on MS medium containing three composition of growth regulators (PGR) BAP + NAA, 10 explants/bottle. The embryogenic callus induction was conducted by growing the callus in bottles containing a medium that contains three compositions PGR 2,4-D + thidiazuron 0.5 mg/l. Induction of shoot formation was done by growing the embryogenic callus on medium containing three composition of plant growth regulator BAP + NAA. Induction of root formation was performed by growing adventitious shoots on ½ MS and 1 MS medium + NAA 0.5 to 1.0 mg/l. The results showed that young leaves are the best explant source for callus and shoot formations in chili through tissue culture compared with the hypocotyl and the tip. Gelora is the most responsive chili cultivar to callus, shoots, and roots formation of in their respective medium, compared to Sudra and Chile 109. MS medium containing BAP 3-7 mg/ml and NAA 1 mg/ml can be used to induce the growth of callus from young leaf explants, hypocotyl and seedling root tip chili cv Gelora, Sudra, and Chile 109, but its growth was very slow and did not produce embryogenic callus. Embryogenic callus formation can be induced by both non-embryogenic callus Hak Cipta © 2010, BB-Biogen growing the callus on MS medium containing 2,4-D 3 mg/l + thidiazuron 0.5 mg/ l. Formation of callus that can regenerate into shoots should use an MS medium containing 2,4-D 3 mg/l + thidiazuron 0.5 mg/ l followed by subculture on MS medium + BAP 3 mg/l + thidiazuron 0.5 mg/l to induce shoot elongation. Medium ½ MS and 1 MS containing NAA 0.5-1.0 mg/l can be used to induce root formations on shoot culture of chili cv Gelora but not for cv Chili 109.

Potensi 2-Ip Dan TDZ Pada Perbanyakan Tunas Cabai Katokkon (Capsicum Annuum Var. Chinense) Secara in Vitro

“…TDZ dapat menginduksi tunas cabai merah pada berbagai sumber eksplan dengan konsentrasi 1,0 mg L -1 dan 3,0 mg L -1 (Venkataiah, et al 2003). Penambahan TDZ 0,5 mg L -1 pada media MS dengan kombinasi BA 3 mg L -1 merupakan komposisi media yang sesuai untuk regenerasi tunas cabai (Menzila, et al 2010).…”

Multiplikasi Tunas dan Konservasi In-Vitro Tanaman Belitung (Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott) dengan Metode Pertumbuhan Minimal

“…Perbanyakan (multiplikasi) tunas menggunakan teknik kultur in vitro dengan menambahkan BAP pada media dasar telah dilakukan pada tanaman cabai (Manzila et al, 2010) dan jeruk siam (Husni et al, 2010). BAP juga dapat meningkatkan jumlah tunas ubi kelapa dan gembili (Hutami et al, 2014), serta memacu pertumbuhan tunas iles-iles (Supriati et al, 2002) dan talas (Dewi, 2002).…”

“…Penambahan BAP 3 mg/l ke dalam media in vitro dilaporkan paling sesuai untuk regenerasi tunas cabai (Manzila et al, 2010). Pada tanaman jeruk siam juga menunjukkan hasil yang terbaik (Husni, 2010).…”